tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-86194339911690822052024-02-19T07:22:21.439-08:00D.N. AloysiusThe objective of this web site is to disseminate the knowledge, which I have gained through numerous sources such as books, magazines, journals, newspapers and various websites, which are relevant to my field of English Language, English Literature, Linguistics and English Language Teaching Methodology.D.N. Aloysiushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18412043763058595301noreply@blogger.comBlogger860125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8619433991169082205.post-78904055384366330552023-12-28T05:04:00.000-08:002023-12-28T05:04:09.387-08:00<p> </p><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><a href="http://dnaloysius.blogspot.com/2023/10/sandadi-dewya-grade-8-niwaththaka_13.html" style="color: #336699; text-decoration-line: none;">Sandadi Dewya Grade-8 Niwaththaka Chethiya National School Anuradhapura</a></h3><div class="post-header" style="background-color: white; color: #999999; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><div class="post-header-line-1"></div></div><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-5905622673718745685" itemprop="description articleBody" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14.85px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 418px;"><p> <b style="font-size: 14.85px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Bookman Old Style", serif; font-size: 22pt; line-height: 31.3867px;">My school</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Bookman Old Style", serif; font-size: 22pt; line-height: 31.3867px;">My school is Niwaththaka Chethiya National School. It is a very beautiful and neat school. There are nearly 5000 students and also nearly 500 teachers in it.The principal of my school is Mr Kusum Thilak. He is a very good and honest person. Sometimes, he punishes the students when they do bad things. There are many buildings in my school. The things which I am interested in my school the laboratory, library and canteen. I love my school very much.<o:p></o:p></span></p><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin: 0cm; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://dnaloysius.blogspot.com/2023/10/sandadi-dewya-grade-8-niwaththaka.html" style="color: #336699; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: windowtext;">Sandadi Dewya Grade-8 Niwaththaka Chethiya National School Anuradhapura</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style", serif; line-height: 15.8895px;"><o:p><span style="font-size: large;"> 13.10.2023</span></o:p></span></b></p></div>D.N. Aloysiushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18412043763058595301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8619433991169082205.post-11593442235709724562023-10-31T23:18:00.005-07:002023-10-31T23:18:58.715-07:00GCE AL English Literature OthelloD.N. Aloysiushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18412043763058595301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8619433991169082205.post-83064816763069399312023-10-31T23:11:00.005-07:002023-10-31T23:11:55.188-07:00What is the most prominent factor for Othello's downfall? <p><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; white-space-collapse: preserve;">There are many factors for Othello's downfall. Of them, what is the most prominent factor for Othello's downfall? This will be helpful to the GCE AL.English Literature students. The research paper will focus on the above issue. The readers and the audience of the drama, "Othello"are kindly invited to complete the questionnaire and return it soon. I will send it to you shortly. Before that, I invite both teachers and students to send me the relevant factors for Othello's downfall.</span></p>D.N. Aloysiushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18412043763058595301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8619433991169082205.post-37601228084445958022023-10-27T23:11:00.002-07:002023-10-27T23:11:30.356-07:002024 හය වසර ඉංග්රීසි මාධ්ය පන්ති<p> </p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2024</span></b><b><span lang="SI-LK" style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Nirmala UI",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-bidi-language: SI-LK; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";"> හය වසර ඉංග්රීසි මාධ්ය
පන්ති (මෙම වසර </span></b><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">05</span></b><b><span lang="SI-LK" style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Nirmala UI",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-bidi-language: SI-LK; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";"> පන්තියේ සිටින සිසුන්) ලබන සෙනසුරාදා </span></b><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Nirmala UI"; mso-bidi-language: SI-LK; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(</span></b><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">04.11.2023)
</span></b><b><span lang="SI-LK" style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Nirmala UI",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-bidi-language: SI-LK; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">දින පැවැත්වෙන බව සිසුන් සහ දෙමාපියන් කරුණාවෙන්
සලකන්න. පන්ති ආරම්භය පෙරවරු </span></b><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">8.00</span></b><b><span lang="SI-LK" style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Nirmala UI",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-bidi-language: SI-LK; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";"> අවසානය පස්වරු </span></b><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">4.00. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 3; text-indent: -33.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">English 8.00-10.00 am
(071-8309137/071-2228585)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 3; text-indent: -33.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">D.N. Aloysius Senior Lecturer
in English/Saumya Aloysius English Teacher Rambewa National School<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 3; text-indent: -33.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Science 10.00-12.00 noon (071-8396917)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 3; text-indent: -33.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Mahendra Dissanayaka Science Teacher
Anuradhapura<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Central College<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">3.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="color: #0070c0;">Civics and
Geography 12.00-2.00 pm (071-5436956)<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sujeewa Jayatissa Civics
and Geography Teacher </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> St. Joseph's College </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 3; text-indent: -33.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Mathematics 2.00-4.00 pm
(077-9020391)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 3; text-indent: -33.0pt;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> <span> </span><span> </span><span> </span></span></span></span></b><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">G.M. Abayawicrama Mathematics Teacher
Anuradhapura<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Central College<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-indent: -32.7pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">5.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Health and Physical Education (071-4300180)
Wimal <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Chanaka
Health and Physical Education </span></b><b><span lang="SI-LK" style="font-family: "Nirmala UI",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-bidi-language: SI-LK; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Nirmala UI"; mso-bidi-language: SI-LK; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Teacher
Walisinghe <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Harishchandra National School </span></b><b><span lang="SI-LK" style="font-family: "Nirmala UI",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-bidi-language: SI-LK; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">අදාළ ගුරුතුමා සමඟ සාකච්චා </span></b><b><span lang="SI-LK" style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Nirmala UI"; mso-bidi-language: SI-LK; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="SI-LK" style="font-family: "Nirmala UI",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-bidi-language: SI-LK; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">කොට
දිනය සහ වෙලාව ලබා ගන්න</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Please send your </span></b><b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">WhatsApp
No</span></b><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> to link with the </span></b><b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">New Grade English Medium Class. </span></b><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">For further information, you can visit </span></b><b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">dnaloysius.blogspot.com</span></b><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> or
contact the college on following </span></b><span style="color: #1a222a; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.0pt;"><b><span style="color: #666666; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> </span></b><b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Email:</span></b><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> aloysiusrjt@gmail.com</span></b><span style="color: #1a222a; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><span style="color: #1a222a; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>D.N. Aloysiushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18412043763058595301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8619433991169082205.post-67784777876778771972023-10-27T22:41:00.000-07:002023-10-27T22:41:12.802-07:002024 හය වසර ඉංග්රීසි මාධ්ය පන්ති<p> </p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2024</span></b><b><span lang="SI-LK" style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Nirmala UI",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-bidi-language: SI-LK; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";"> හය වසර ඉංග්රීසි මාධ්ය
පන්ති (මෙම වසර </span></b><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">05</span></b><b><span lang="SI-LK" style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Nirmala UI",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-bidi-language: SI-LK; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";"> පන්තියේ සිටින සිසුන්) ලබන සෙනසුරාදා </span></b><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Nirmala UI"; mso-bidi-language: SI-LK; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(</span></b><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">04.11.2023)
</span></b><b><span lang="SI-LK" style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Nirmala UI",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-bidi-language: SI-LK; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">දින පැවැත්වෙන බව සිසුන් සහ දෙමාපියන් කරුණාවෙන්
සලකන්න. පන්ති ආරම්භය පෙරවරු </span></b><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">8.00</span></b><b><span lang="SI-LK" style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Nirmala UI",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-bidi-language: SI-LK; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";"> අවසානය පස්වරු </span></b><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">4.00. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>English 8.00-10.00 am (071-8309137)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Science 10.00-12.00 noon (071-8396917)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">3.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Civics and Geography 12.00-2.00 pm
(071-5436956)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mathematics
2.00-4.00 pm (077-9020391)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">5.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Health and Physical Education </span></b><b><span lang="SI-LK" style="font-family: "Nirmala UI",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-bidi-language: SI-LK; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">අදාළ ගුරුතුමා සමඟ සාකච්චා </span></b><b><span lang="SI-LK" style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Nirmala UI"; mso-bidi-language: SI-LK; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="SI-LK" style="font-family: "Nirmala UI",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-bidi-language: SI-LK; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">කොට
දිනය සහ වෙලාව ලබා ගන්න.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> (071-4300180)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Please send your </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style", serif; font-size: 12pt;">WhatsApp
No</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> to link with the </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style", serif; font-size: 12pt;">New Grade English Medium Class. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style", serif; font-size: 12pt;">For further information, you can visit </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style", serif; font-size: 12pt;">dnaloysius.blogspot.com</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> or
contact the college on following numbers</span></b><span style="color: #1a222a; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">071-8309137/070-4301391</span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">076-5246914/076-7156006</span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">025-2237463/025-2236029</span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style", serif; font-size: 12pt;">e-mail:</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> aloysiusrjt@gmail.com</span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: #cc0000;">You can get registered for the following
subjects.</span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">English Language</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">English </span></b><span style="background-color: transparent;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Bookman Old Style, serif;"><b>Literature</b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Mathematics</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Science</span></b><span style="color: #1a222a; font-family: "Bookman Old Style", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Health and Physical Education</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.0pt;"><b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Civics and </span></b><span style="background-color: transparent;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Bookman Old Style, serif;"><b>Geography</b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.0pt;"><b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Japanese</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.0pt;"><b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Cambridge University Courses</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.0pt;"><b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Sinhala</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.0pt;"><b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span>YLE</span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.0pt;"><b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span>KET</span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.0pt;"><b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span>PET</span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.0pt;"><b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span>FCE</span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.0pt;"><b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span>CAE</span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.0pt;"><b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span>CPA</span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.0pt;"><b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span>IELTS</span></span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt 53.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Bookman Old Style", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: #1a222a; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>D.N. Aloysiushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18412043763058595301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8619433991169082205.post-59056226737187456852023-10-13T03:51:00.003-07:002023-10-13T03:51:39.653-07:00Sandadi Dewya Grade-8 Niwaththaka Chethiya National School Anuradhapura <p> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 107%;">My school
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 107%;">My school
is Niwaththaka Chethiya National School. It is a very beautiful and neat
school. There are nearly 5000 students and also nearly 500 teachers in it.The
principal of my school is Mr Kusum Thilak. He is a very good and honest person.
Sometimes, he punishes the students when they do bad things. There are many buildings
in my school. The things which I am interested in my school the laboratory, library
and canteen. I love my school very much.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://dnaloysius.blogspot.com/2023/10/sandadi-dewya-grade-8-niwaththaka.html"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Sandadi Dewya
Grade-8 Niwaththaka Chethiya National School Anuradhapura</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style", serif; line-height: 107%;"><o:p><span style="font-size: large;"> 13.10.2023</span></o:p></span></b></p>D.N. Aloysiushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18412043763058595301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8619433991169082205.post-57073246857517918832023-10-13T03:08:00.002-07:002023-10-13T03:08:16.556-07:00Sandadi Dewya Grade-8 Niwaththaka Chethiya National School Anuradhapura<p><span style="color: red; font-size: x-large;"><b>My School</b></span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-size: x-large;"><b>She is writing the essay now.</b></span></p>D.N. Aloysiushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18412043763058595301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8619433991169082205.post-59420793946446223922023-10-12T20:52:00.002-07:002023-10-12T20:52:54.622-07:00<p> </p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 36.0pt;">Role of English<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 36.0pt;">in<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 36.0pt;">School Curriculum<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 36.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 28.0pt; line-height: 115%;">D.N. Aloysius<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Introduction<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Prior to have a discussion on the role of English in the school
curriculum, it is advisable to concentrate on the factors which are closely
associated with the importance of leaning English as a second language (L2) at
school. Once the students successfully complete their English lessons in the
school curriculum from Grade-1 to Grade- 13, it is assumed that they will
benefit the following advantages.</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Communicative competence in all
language skills (listening skill, speaking skill, reading skill and writing
skill)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Learning any subject, the
students are willing to study in English medium for GCE OL or GCE AL
Examinations<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">After entering the university,
they are able to follow their respective courses easily in English medium in
local or foreign universities<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A large number of books related
to various disciplines have been written in English. They will contribute for
finding new knowledge.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">They are able to be involved in
global research activities related to their respective subjects along with the
brilliant academics in the world.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">They will have more job
opportunities in both Sri Lanka and overseas countries.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">They can begin their own
business or get employed in a leading organization from where they are capable
of gaining huge income.<o:p></o:p></span></p>D.N. Aloysiushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18412043763058595301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8619433991169082205.post-2026555392067069882023-10-12T20:41:00.002-07:002023-10-12T20:41:29.247-07:00 KET/PET/FCE 13.10.2023<p><b><span style="color: red; font-size: x-large;"><span style="white-space-collapse: preserve;">KET/PET/FCE today Friday 3/5 pm 13.10.2023 Aloysius College Anuradhapura. Please confirm your attendance soon.</span></span></b></p><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="color: #444444;">Don't forget to bring your smart phone and ear phone.</span></span><br /><span style="white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">Lesson Plan</span></span><br /><span style="color: red; white-space-collapse: preserve;">1. Speaking Test</span><br /><span style="color: red; white-space-collapse: preserve;">2. Listening Test</span><br /><span style="color: red; white-space-collapse: preserve;">3. Reading Test</span><br /><span style="color: red; white-space-collapse: preserve;">4. Writing Test</span><br /><br /><span style="white-space-collapse: preserve;">D.N. Aloysius </span><br /><span style="color: red; white-space-collapse: preserve;">13.10.2023</span></span></b>D.N. Aloysiushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18412043763058595301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8619433991169082205.post-70317357461355987852023-01-22T07:31:00.004-08:002023-01-22T07:31:47.149-08:00https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k_Q83cge5CM<p> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k_Q83cge5CM</p><p><br /></p>D.N. Aloysiushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18412043763058595301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8619433991169082205.post-2904523518008338562023-01-06T03:46:00.002-08:002023-01-06T03:46:34.462-08:00Aloysius College 22, Jaffna Road, Anuradhapura Grammar<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="5" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: white; mso-cellspacing: 3.7pt; mso-padding-alt: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 419px;">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 22pt;">Fill in the blanks using the correct verb</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 22pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 22pt;"> 01.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 22pt;">What </span><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 22pt;"><select>
<option value="GapContentId_null">
</option><option value="GapContentId_0">is
</option><option value="GapContentId_2">does
</option><option value="GapContentId_1">has
</option></select></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 22pt;"> your
name?</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 22pt;">02.- Where <b><select>
<option value="GapContentId_null">
</option><option value="GapContentId_0">do
</option><option value="GapContentId_1">are
</option><option value="GapContentId_2">have
</option></select></b> you
live?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 22pt;">03.- How old <b><select>
<option value="GapContentId_null">
</option><option value="GapContentId_1">did
</option><option value="GapContentId_2">had
</option><option value="GapContentId_0">were
</option></select></b> they?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 22pt;">04.- He <b><select>
<option value="GapContentId_null">
</option><option value="GapContentId_1">has
</option><option value="GapContentId_2">did
</option><option value="GapContentId_0">was
</option></select></b> driving
a lorry.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 22pt;">05.- I <b><select>
<option value="GapContentId_null">
</option><option value="GapContentId_2">live
</option><option value="GapContentId_0">am
</option><option value="GapContentId_1">have
</option></select></b> from
Spain.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 22pt;">06.- Where <b><select>
<option value="GapContentId_null">
</option><option value="GapContentId_0">did
</option><option value="GapContentId_2">was
</option><option value="GapContentId_1">has
</option></select></b> she
go?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 22pt;">07.- My dad <b><select>
<option value="GapContentId_null">
</option><option value="GapContentId_1">has
</option><option value="GapContentId_0">gets
</option><option value="GapContentId_2">does
</option></select></b> up
at seven.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 22pt;">08.- They <b><select>
<option value="GapContentId_null">
</option><option value="GapContentId_0">can't
</option><option value="GapContentId_2">haven't
</option><option value="GapContentId_1">aren't
</option></select></b> swim.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 22pt;">09.- Where <b><select>
<option value="GapContentId_null">
</option><option value="GapContentId_1">had
</option><option value="GapContentId_2">did
</option><option value="GapContentId_0">were
</option></select></b> they
from?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 22pt;">10.- Picasso <b><select>
<option value="GapContentId_null">
</option><option value="GapContentId_1">will be
</option><option value="GapContentId_0">was
</option><option value="GapContentId_2">had
</option></select></b> a
Spanish painter.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 22pt;">11.- It <b><select>
<option value="GapContentId_null">
</option><option value="GapContentId_0">will be
</option><option value="GapContentId_2">has been
</option><option value="GapContentId_1">was
</option></select></b> sunny
tomorrow.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 22pt;">12.- We <b><select>
<option value="GapContentId_null">
</option><option value="GapContentId_0">went
</option><option value="GapContentId_2">will go
</option><option value="GapContentId_1">go
</option></select></b> to
the cinema last night.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.4px; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 22pt; line-height: 33.7333px;">Sinhala New Year<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.4px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 22pt; line-height: 33.7333px;">Sinhala and Tamil New Year comes in the month of April. It is a national festival. People get ready for the festival by painting houses, putting up new curtains and buying new clothes. We visit relatives and friends on the New Year Day. We make special sweets like kevum, athirasa and kokis. We go to the temple and offer flowers. People wear new clothes. People eat their meals at an auspicious time. Children enjoy themselves. New Year is a happy time for all of us.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.4px; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 22pt; line-height: 33.7333px;">My ambition<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.4px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 22pt; line-height: 33.7333px;">My ambition is to be a doctor. A doctor is a very helpful person in the society. I must work hard and enter the medical college to become a doctor. If I become a doctor, I will spend most of my time with patients. I will give my fullest service for the patients. My parents encourage me to go through my dream. All the people respect this profession. I will become a doctor in future and do something for the country.</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 22pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; tab-stops: 132.75pt 167.25pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></p>
<p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 22pt;"> </span> </p>D.N. Aloysiushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18412043763058595301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8619433991169082205.post-12903376101338433552022-12-24T03:52:00.002-08:002022-12-24T03:52:24.441-08:00<p> https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/be3.htm</p>D.N. Aloysiushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18412043763058595301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8619433991169082205.post-32775964693326928342022-12-24T03:48:00.004-08:002022-12-24T03:48:28.196-08:00Grammar Be Verbs <p> English for New Grade-6 2023</p><p>https://www.google.com/search?q=be+verbs+youtube&oq=be+verbs+&aqs=chrome.1.69i59l2j69i57j0i512l7.4973j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#fpstate=ive&vld=cid:b63e1221,vid:LH57BAO9K88</p>D.N. Aloysiushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18412043763058595301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8619433991169082205.post-87329176049879055732022-12-24T03:41:00.003-08:002022-12-24T03:41:45.043-08:00English Medium New Grade-6 2023 Aloysius College Anuradhapura 24.12.2022<p> 06 වන ශ්රේණිය 2023 </p><p>ඉංග්රීසි මාධ්ය විෂයන් සඳහා පහත සඳහන් ගුරු මහතුන් අමතන්න.</p><p>ගණිතය අබේවික්රම මහතා 077-9020391</p><p>විද්යව මහේන්ද්ර මහතා 0718396917</p><p>පුරවැසි අධ්යාපනය සහ භූගෝලය ජයතිස්ස මහතා 0719666956 </p><p><br /></p><p>ඇලෝසියස් ඉංග්රීසි මාධ්ය පාසැල</p><p>යාපනය හන්දිය</p><p>අනුරාධපුර </p><p>24.12.2022</p>D.N. Aloysiushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18412043763058595301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8619433991169082205.post-22589618925552232372022-07-19T11:33:00.001-07:002022-07-19T11:33:11.237-07:00Cambridge University English Courses are available in Aloysius College Anuradhapura YLE/KET/PET/FCE/CAE/IELTS<p> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5prI_cjVMV4</p><p><br /></p>D.N. Aloysiushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18412043763058595301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8619433991169082205.post-64822589314024933302022-07-19T10:46:00.002-07:002022-07-19T10:46:14.603-07:00Aloysius College Anuradhapura 2022<p> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Myself<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">I
am Supuni. I am ten. I live in Anuradhapura. I study at Mahinda Maha Vidyalaya.
I am in Grade six. My father is Mr. Saman Kumara. He is a teacher. He teaches
Science. He works at Vijitha Maha Vidyalaya. My mother is Mala. She is a housewife.
I have one brother and no sisters. He is Gihan. He is twelve. He studies at
Gamini M.V. He is in grade seven. He is the eldest in my family and I am the
youngest.<o:p></o:p></span></p>D.N. Aloysiushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18412043763058595301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8619433991169082205.post-46754273431286936962022-07-19T10:43:00.001-07:002022-07-19T10:43:33.854-07:00Cambridge University English Courses -2022 <p>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fvqiWIePDeQ</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>D.N. Aloysiushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18412043763058595301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8619433991169082205.post-23485959079632285262022-01-24T09:02:00.003-08:002022-01-24T09:02:44.803-08:00Grade-6 English Medium Classes for 2022 commence on 05.02.2022<p><span style="color: var(--primary-text); font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; white-space: pre-wrap;">Grade-6 English Medium Classes for 2022 commence on 05.02.2022 at Aloysius College Anuradhapura. Contact: 071-8309137 076-5246914</span></p><div style="animation-name: none !important; font-family: inherit; transition-property: none !important;"><div class="" dir="auto" style="animation-name: none !important; font-family: inherit; transition-property: none !important;"><div class="ecm0bbzt hv4rvrfc dati1w0a e5nlhep0" data-ad-comet-preview="message" data-ad-preview="message" id="jsc_c_v2" style="animation-name: none !important; font-family: inherit; padding: 4px 16px; transition-property: none !important;"><div class="j83agx80 cbu4d94t ew0dbk1b irj2b8pg" style="animation-name: none !important; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: -5px; margin-top: -5px; transition-property: none !important;"><div class="qzhwtbm6 knvmm38d" style="animation-name: none !important; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; transition-property: none !important;"><span class="d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh a8c37x1j fe6kdd0r mau55g9w c8b282yb keod5gw0 nxhoafnm aigsh9s9 d3f4x2em iv3no6db jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v b1v8xokw oo9gr5id hzawbc8m" dir="auto" style="animation-name: none !important; 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transition-property: none !important; user-select: none;" tabindex="0"><span aria-hidden="true" class="bzsjyuwj ni8dbmo4 stjgntxs ltmttdrg gjzvkazv" style="animation-name: none !important; float: left; font-family: inherit; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; transition-property: none !important; width: 100px;"><span style="animation-name: none !important; font-family: inherit; transition-property: none !important;"><span class="gpro0wi8 pcp91wgn" style="animation-name: none !important; font-family: inherit; padding-left: 6px; transition-property: none !important;">2</span></span></span><span class="gpro0wi8 cwj9ozl2 bzsjyuwj ja2t1vim" style="animation-name: none !important; background-color: var(--card-background); float: left; font-family: inherit; margin-left: -100px; transition-property: none !important;"><span style="animation-name: none !important; font-family: inherit; transition-property: none !important;"><span class="pcp91wgn" style="animation-name: none !important; font-family: inherit; padding-left: 6px; transition-property: none !important;">Susantha Wijayawickrama and Thilini Aloysius</span></span></span></div></span></div><div class="bp9cbjyn j83agx80 pfnyh3mw p1ueia1e" style="align-items: center; animation-name: none !important; display: flex; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: inherit; height: 22px; transition-property: none !important;"><div class="gtad4xkn" style="animation-name: none !important; font-family: inherit; margin-left: 7px; transition-property: none !important;"></div><div class="gtad4xkn" style="animation-name: none !important; font-family: inherit; margin-left: 7px; transition-property: none !important;"><div aria-expanded="true" class="oajrlxb2 gs1a9yip mtkw9kbi tlpljxtp qensuy8j ppp5ayq2 nhd2j8a9 mg4g778l pfnyh3mw p7hjln8o tgvbjcpo hpfvmrgz esuyzwwr f1sip0of n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql pq6dq46d btwxx1t3 abiwlrkh lzcic4wl dwo3fsh8 g5ia77u1 goun2846 ccm00jje s44p3ltw mk2mc5f4 rt8b4zig n8ej3o3l agehan2d sk4xxmp2 rq0escxv gmql0nx0 kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso l9j0dhe7 i1ao9s8h du4w35lb gpro0wi8" id="jsc_c_v4" role="button" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; align-items: stretch; animation-name: none !important; appearance: none; background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: var(--always-dark-overlay); border-left-color: var(--always-dark-overlay); border-radius: inherit; border-right-color: var(--always-dark-overlay); border-style: solid; border-top-color: var(--always-dark-overlay); border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation; transition-property: none !important; user-select: none; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><span class="d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh a8c37x1j fe6kdd0r mau55g9w c8b282yb keod5gw0 nxhoafnm aigsh9s9 d3f4x2em iv3no6db jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v b1v8xokw m9osqain" dir="auto" style="animation-name: none !important; color: var(--secondary-text); display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; transition-property: none !important; word-break: break-word;">1 comment</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="tvfksri0 ozuftl9m jmbispl3 olo4ujb6" style="animation-name: none !important; font-family: inherit; margin-left: 12px; margin-right: 12px; transition-property: none !important;"><div class="rq0escxv l9j0dhe7 du4w35lb j83agx80 pfnyh3mw i1fnvgqd gs1a9yip owycx6da btwxx1t3 ph5uu5jm b3onmgus e5nlhep0 ecm0bbzt nkwizq5d roh60bw9 mysgfdmx hddg9phg" style="align-items: stretch; animation-name: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: inherit; justify-content: space-between; margin: -6px -2px; padding: 4px; position: relative; transition-property: none !important; z-index: 0;"><div class="rq0escxv l9j0dhe7 du4w35lb j83agx80 cbu4d94t d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz rj1gh0hx buofh1pr g5gj957u n8tt0mok hyh9befq iuny7tx3 ipjc6fyt" style="animation-name: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex: 1 1 0px; font-family: inherit; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; padding: 6px 2px; position: relative; transition-property: none !important; z-index: 0;"><div aria-label="Like" class="oajrlxb2 gs1a9yip g5ia77u1 mtkw9kbi tlpljxtp qensuy8j ppp5ayq2 goun2846 ccm00jje s44p3ltw mk2mc5f4 rt8b4zig n8ej3o3l agehan2d sk4xxmp2 rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 mg4g778l pfnyh3mw p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x tgvbjcpo hpfvmrgz jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso l9j0dhe7 i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr du4w35lb n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql pq6dq46d btwxx1t3 abiwlrkh p8dawk7l lzcic4wl gokke00a" role="button" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; align-items: stretch; animation-name: none !important; background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: var(--always-dark-overlay); border-left-color: var(--always-dark-overlay); border-radius: inherit; border-right-color: var(--always-dark-overlay); border-style: solid; border-top-color: var(--always-dark-overlay); border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; touch-action: none; transition-property: none !important; user-select: none; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><div class="rq0escxv l9j0dhe7 du4w35lb j83agx80 rj1gh0hx buofh1pr g5gj957u hpfvmrgz taijpn5t bp9cbjyn owycx6da btwxx1t3 d1544ag0 tw6a2znq jb3vyjys dlv3wnog rl04r1d5 mysgfdmx hddg9phg qu8okrzs g0qnabr5" style="align-items: center; animation-name: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; flex: 1 1 0px; font-family: inherit; height: 44px; justify-content: center; margin: -6px -4px; min-width: 0px; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 12px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; transition-property: none !important; white-space: nowrap; z-index: 0;"><div class="rq0escxv l9j0dhe7 du4w35lb j83agx80 cbu4d94t pfnyh3mw d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz ph5uu5jm b3onmgus iuny7tx3 ipjc6fyt" style="animation-name: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: inherit; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; padding: 6px 4px; position: relative; transition-property: none !important; z-index: 0;"><span class=" pq6dq46d" style="animation-name: none !important; display: inline-flex; font-family: inherit; transition-property: none !important;"><i class="hu5pjgll m6k467ps" data-visualcompletion="css-img" style="animation-name: none !important; background-image: url("https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yY/r/8kkk1g__8Ol.png?_nc_eui2=AeEOx6IkArneD_pS8Kb_XDCyKEDGvuEaOZQoQMa-4Ro5lE-z5JFo_zqo618Kzrv_WWloyDghJHHRh3PJGHecHFOZ"); background-position: 0px -243px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; display: inline-block; filter: var(--filter-secondary-icon); height: 18px; transition-property: none !important; vertical-align: -0.25em; width: 18px;"></i></span></div><div class="rq0escxv l9j0dhe7 du4w35lb j83agx80 cbu4d94t pfnyh3mw d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz ph5uu5jm b3onmgus iuny7tx3 ipjc6fyt" style="animation-name: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: inherit; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; padding: 6px 4px; position: relative; transition-property: none !important; z-index: 0;"><span class="d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh a8c37x1j fe6kdd0r mau55g9w c8b282yb keod5gw0 nxhoafnm aigsh9s9 d3f4x2em iv3no6db jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v lrazzd5p m9osqain" dir="auto" style="animation-name: none !important; color: var(--secondary-text); display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; transition-property: none !important; word-break: break-word;"><span style="animation-name: none !important; font-family: inherit; transition-property: none !important;">Like</span></span></div></div><div class="n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql i09qtzwb n7fi1qx3 b5wmifdl hzruof5a pmk7jnqg j9ispegn kr520xx4 c5ndavph art1omkt ot9fgl3s" data-visualcompletion="ignore" style="animation-name: none !important; border-radius: 4px; font-family: inherit; inset: 0px; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; transition-duration: var(--fds-duration-extra-extra-short-out); transition-property: none !important; transition-timing-function: var(--fds-animation-fade-out);"></div></div><div aria-label="React" class="oajrlxb2 gs1a9yip g5ia77u1 mtkw9kbi tlpljxtp qensuy8j ppp5ayq2 goun2846 ccm00jje s44p3ltw mk2mc5f4 rt8b4zig n8ej3o3l agehan2d sk4xxmp2 rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 mg4g778l pfnyh3mw p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x tgvbjcpo hpfvmrgz i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr du4w35lb n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql pq6dq46d btwxx1t3 abiwlrkh p8dawk7l lzcic4wl pphx12oy b4ylihy8 rz4wbd8a b40mr0ww a8nywdso hmalg0qr q45zohi1 g0aa4cga pmk7jnqg gokke00a" role="button" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; align-items: stretch; animation-name: none !important; background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: var(--always-dark-overlay); border-left-color: var(--always-dark-overlay); border-radius: inherit; border-right-color: var(--always-dark-overlay); border-style: solid; border-top-color: var(--always-dark-overlay); border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); cursor: pointer; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline: none; padding: 13px 0px; position: absolute; right: 6px; text-align: inherit; top: 1px; touch-action: none; transition-property: none !important; user-select: none; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><i class="hu5pjgll m6k467ps" data-visualcompletion="css-img" style="animation-name: none !important; background-image: url("https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/ya/r/RZkmtYdsqev.png?_nc_eui2=AeGy35DyNFZsLuMYHC8b9M246Bcbc0T3iW3oFxtzRPeJbYWXM-Y37c25zW9lT9dXBUY-oPwfXDCtXNf-JEL9w6XN"); background-position: -119px -109px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; display: inline-block; filter: var(--filter-secondary-icon); height: 16px; transition-property: none !important; vertical-align: -0.25em; width: 16px;"></i><div class="n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql i09qtzwb n7fi1qx3 b5wmifdl hzruof5a pmk7jnqg j9ispegn kr520xx4 c5ndavph art1omkt ot9fgl3s" data-visualcompletion="ignore" style="animation-name: none !important; border-radius: inherit; font-family: inherit; inset: 0px; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; transition-duration: var(--fds-duration-extra-extra-short-out); transition-property: none !important; transition-timing-function: var(--fds-animation-fade-out);"></div></div></div><div class="rq0escxv l9j0dhe7 du4w35lb j83agx80 cbu4d94t d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz rj1gh0hx buofh1pr g5gj957u n8tt0mok hyh9befq iuny7tx3 ipjc6fyt" style="animation-name: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex: 1 1 0px; font-family: inherit; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; padding: 6px 2px; position: relative; transition-property: none !important; z-index: 0;"><div aria-label="Leave a comment" class="oajrlxb2 gs1a9yip g5ia77u1 mtkw9kbi tlpljxtp qensuy8j ppp5ayq2 goun2846 ccm00jje s44p3ltw mk2mc5f4 rt8b4zig n8ej3o3l agehan2d sk4xxmp2 rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 mg4g778l pfnyh3mw p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x tgvbjcpo hpfvmrgz jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso l9j0dhe7 i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr f1sip0of du4w35lb n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql pq6dq46d btwxx1t3 abiwlrkh p8dawk7l lzcic4wl" role="button" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; align-items: stretch; animation-name: none !important; background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: var(--always-dark-overlay); border-left-color: var(--always-dark-overlay); border-radius: inherit; border-right-color: var(--always-dark-overlay); border-style: solid; border-top-color: var(--always-dark-overlay); border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation; transition-property: none !important; user-select: none; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><div class="rq0escxv l9j0dhe7 du4w35lb j83agx80 rj1gh0hx buofh1pr g5gj957u hpfvmrgz taijpn5t bp9cbjyn owycx6da btwxx1t3 d1544ag0 tw6a2znq jb3vyjys dlv3wnog rl04r1d5 mysgfdmx hddg9phg qu8okrzs g0qnabr5" style="align-items: center; animation-name: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; flex: 1 1 0px; font-family: inherit; height: 44px; justify-content: center; margin: -6px -4px; min-width: 0px; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 12px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; transition-property: none !important; white-space: nowrap; z-index: 0;"><div class="rq0escxv l9j0dhe7 du4w35lb j83agx80 cbu4d94t pfnyh3mw d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz ph5uu5jm b3onmgus iuny7tx3 ipjc6fyt" style="animation-name: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: inherit; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; padding: 6px 4px; position: relative; transition-property: none !important; z-index: 0;"><i class="hu5pjgll m6k467ps" data-visualcompletion="css-img" style="animation-name: none !important; background-image: url("https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yY/r/8kkk1g__8Ol.png?_nc_eui2=AeEOx6IkArneD_pS8Kb_XDCyKEDGvuEaOZQoQMa-4Ro5lE-z5JFo_zqo618Kzrv_WWloyDghJHHRh3PJGHecHFOZ"); background-position: 0px -205px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; display: inline-block; filter: var(--filter-secondary-icon); height: 18px; transition-property: none !important; vertical-align: -0.25em; width: 18px;"></i></div><div class="rq0escxv l9j0dhe7 du4w35lb j83agx80 cbu4d94t pfnyh3mw d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz ph5uu5jm b3onmgus iuny7tx3 ipjc6fyt" style="animation-name: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: inherit; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; padding: 6px 4px; position: relative; transition-property: none !important; z-index: 0;"><span class="d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh a8c37x1j fe6kdd0r mau55g9w c8b282yb keod5gw0 nxhoafnm aigsh9s9 d3f4x2em iv3no6db jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v lrazzd5p m9osqain" dir="auto" style="animation-name: none !important; color: var(--secondary-text); display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; transition-property: none !important; word-break: break-word;">Comment</span></div></div><div class="n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql i09qtzwb n7fi1qx3 b5wmifdl hzruof5a pmk7jnqg j9ispegn kr520xx4 c5ndavph art1omkt ot9fgl3s rnr61an3" data-visualcompletion="ignore" style="animation-name: none !important; background-color: var(--hover-overlay); border-radius: 4px; font-family: inherit; inset: 0px; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; transition-duration: var(--fds-duration-extra-extra-short-out); transition-property: none !important; transition-timing-function: var(--fds-animation-fade-out);"></div></div></div><div class="rq0escxv l9j0dhe7 du4w35lb j83agx80 cbu4d94t d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz rj1gh0hx buofh1pr g5gj957u n8tt0mok hyh9befq iuny7tx3 ipjc6fyt" style="animation-name: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex: 1 1 0px; font-family: inherit; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; padding: 6px 2px; position: relative; transition-property: none !important; z-index: 0;"><div aria-label="Send this to friends or post it on your Timeline." class="oajrlxb2 gs1a9yip g5ia77u1 mtkw9kbi tlpljxtp qensuy8j ppp5ayq2 goun2846 ccm00jje s44p3ltw mk2mc5f4 rt8b4zig n8ej3o3l agehan2d sk4xxmp2 rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 mg4g778l pfnyh3mw p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x tgvbjcpo hpfvmrgz jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso l9j0dhe7 i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr f1sip0of du4w35lb n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql pq6dq46d btwxx1t3 abiwlrkh p8dawk7l lzcic4wl" role="button" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; align-items: stretch; animation-name: none !important; background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: var(--always-dark-overlay); border-left-color: var(--always-dark-overlay); border-radius: inherit; border-right-color: var(--always-dark-overlay); border-style: solid; border-top-color: var(--always-dark-overlay); border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation; transition-property: none !important; user-select: none; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><div class="rq0escxv l9j0dhe7 du4w35lb j83agx80 rj1gh0hx buofh1pr g5gj957u hpfvmrgz taijpn5t bp9cbjyn owycx6da btwxx1t3 d1544ag0 tw6a2znq jb3vyjys dlv3wnog rl04r1d5 mysgfdmx hddg9phg qu8okrzs g0qnabr5" style="align-items: center; animation-name: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; flex: 1 1 0px; font-family: inherit; height: 44px; justify-content: center; margin: -6px -4px; min-width: 0px; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 12px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; transition-property: none !important; white-space: nowrap; z-index: 0;"><div class="rq0escxv l9j0dhe7 du4w35lb j83agx80 cbu4d94t pfnyh3mw d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz ph5uu5jm b3onmgus iuny7tx3 ipjc6fyt" style="animation-name: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: inherit; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; padding: 6px 4px; position: relative; transition-property: none !important; z-index: 0;"><i class="hu5pjgll m6k467ps" data-visualcompletion="css-img" style="animation-name: none !important; background-image: url("https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yY/r/8kkk1g__8Ol.png?_nc_eui2=AeEOx6IkArneD_pS8Kb_XDCyKEDGvuEaOZQoQMa-4Ro5lE-z5JFo_zqo618Kzrv_WWloyDghJHHRh3PJGHecHFOZ"); background-position: 0px -262px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; display: inline-block; filter: var(--filter-secondary-icon); height: 18px; transition-property: none !important; vertical-align: -0.25em; width: 18px;"></i></div><div class="rq0escxv l9j0dhe7 du4w35lb j83agx80 cbu4d94t pfnyh3mw d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz ph5uu5jm b3onmgus iuny7tx3 ipjc6fyt" style="animation-name: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: inherit; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; padding: 6px 4px; position: relative; transition-property: none !important; z-index: 0;"><span class="d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh a8c37x1j fe6kdd0r mau55g9w c8b282yb keod5gw0 nxhoafnm aigsh9s9 d3f4x2em iv3no6db jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v lrazzd5p m9osqain" dir="auto" style="animation-name: none !important; color: var(--secondary-text); display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; transition-property: none !important; word-break: break-word;">Share</span></div></div><div class="n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql i09qtzwb n7fi1qx3 b5wmifdl hzruof5a pmk7jnqg j9ispegn kr520xx4 c5ndavph art1omkt ot9fgl3s" data-visualcompletion="ignore" style="animation-name: none !important; border-radius: 4px; font-family: inherit; inset: 0px; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; transition-duration: var(--fds-duration-extra-extra-short-out); transition-property: none !important; transition-timing-function: var(--fds-animation-fade-out);"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="cwj9ozl2 tvmbv18p" style="animation-name: none !important; color: #1c1e21; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 4px; transition-property: none !important;"></div></div></div></div>D.N. Aloysiushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18412043763058595301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8619433991169082205.post-58052228061394546402021-12-23T20:09:00.000-08:002021-12-23T20:09:45.543-08:00 English for Primary Classes and Cambridge University English Courses (YLE) Friday 6.00 pm-7.00 pm<p> <b style="text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Writing:
Activity-C: (and/but/or)</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/images/285128-yle-starters-worksheets.pdf"><span style="font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/images/285128-yle-starters-worksheets.pdf</span></a></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Writing: Use the suitable words and complete the sentences. (sleep/work/sweep/play/make)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">We
… netball.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">You
… on the bed.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
farmers …in the paddy field.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">They
… a cake.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
children …the classroom.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Prepositions<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">They travel…….. (on/under/<u>by</u>) bus. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mother cooks ….. (between/in/on) the kitchen.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Father is looking ……. (on/in/at) me.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">We have English ……. (on/in/by) Monday.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">My uncle lives……. (behind/on/in) Colombo.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The book is ……..(of/on/in) the table.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Speaking/Writing/Loud Reading: My Pet<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">My pet is a parrot. It is a bird.
It is green. Its beak is red. Its legs are yellow. It is very beautiful. It can
talk. It is in a cage. It likes to eat fruits. I give it fruits every day. I
love my very much.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Song:
Practice and sing: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pYpK9UiAA-A"><b><span style="font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pYpK9UiAA-A</span></b></a></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: red; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Describe the picture: Look at the picture and describe it: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_hUXoKYg6g"><b><span style="font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_hUXoKYg6g</span></b></a></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Listening for kids: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JSD-nq8iA1g"><b><span style="font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JSD-nq8iA1g</span></b></a></span><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>D.N. Aloysiushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18412043763058595301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8619433991169082205.post-88982406466924155002021-12-11T18:54:00.001-08:002021-12-11T18:57:22.013-08:00 Postgraduate Diploma in Education Special Methodology of English Language Teaching Rajarata University of Sri Lanka <p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="background: white; color: #2b00fe; font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><b>“Classroom”, a word that brings to
our mind a setting wherein a teacher stands in front of a class of 30 to 40
students, delivering a lecture with a specific gravity in his/her voice. This
is the method of teaching that was prevalent when we were in school some two
decades ago. However, things have changed over the years, and though it was one
of the most effective methods of teaching English to young students, it no
longer considered the same now. This is due to various reasons, maybe because:</b></span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: x-large; text-align: left;">Sources:<span style="color: red;"> https://www.henryharvin.com/blog/different-methods-of-teaching-english/</span></b></span></p><br /><p></p>D.N. Aloysiushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18412043763058595301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8619433991169082205.post-9343790945750943982021-12-08T22:08:00.008-08:002021-12-08T22:11:18.108-08:00Postgraduate Diploma in Education Unit<p> </p><p align="center" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"></p><p align="center" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Rajarata University of Sri Lanka<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #252324; font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Postgraduate Diploma in Education Unit<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #252324; font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Basic English<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<div style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm;">
<p style="background: white; border: none; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Lecture-3<span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span>Date:
0612.2021<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</div>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 15.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Activity-1<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 15.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"><b><span style="color: #252324; font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Reading Comprehension<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 15.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"><span style="color: #252324; font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Read the following text and answer the questions given below.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 15.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A family of five children at Moragoda
in Anuradhapura are in a <span style="color: red;">serious</span> <span style="color: red;">predicament</span> for want of a house or even a small <span style="color: red;">block of land </span>to build one. The children’s mother Mala
says that her husband is an <span style="color: red;">invalid</span> suffering
from a cancer in the <span style="color: red;">intestines</span> and <span style="color: red;">undergoing treatment</span>. She further says that her <span style="color: red;">landlord</span> is <span style="color: red;">compelling</span>
them to <span style="color: red;">vacate </span>the house <span style="color: red;">immediately</span> and <span style="color: red;">threatening</span> legal
action to <span style="color: red;">eject</span> them for arrears of rent. If
that happens, her family with five children will be left without a fixed <span style="color: red;">abode.</span> Three of the children are without clothes and
school <span style="color: red;">requisites</span> for the New Year. <span style="color: red;">Meanwhile</span>, Mala has to take her husband to clinics and
to visit him when he is admitted to hospital. She says that she often feels
sick <span style="color: red;">due to fatigue</span>, but the <span style="color: red;">economic constrains </span>do not permit her to consult a
doctor. She <span style="color: red;">laments</span> that the <span style="color: red;">pressing problem </span>of her family is housing. <span style="color: red;">Hence</span>, she requests the public for assistance to save
her family from the difficulty they are facing. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 15.0pt; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">What is the most
difficult situation the family has faced? <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 15.0pt; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Why is Mala’s
landlord forcing them to leave immediately? <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 15.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">3. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Why is her husband undergoing medical
treatment? <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 15.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">4. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The word, ‘fatigue’ in line 9 means:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 15.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">a. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>drowsy <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 15.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">b. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>weariness <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 15.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">c.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>lethargic
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 15.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">5. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Write the sentence that Mala is asking for
help from others. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Activity-2<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Be verbs: Tag Questions<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Do/Does/Did<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Watch the videos and learn the lesson:
</span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZytMU2BzUg"><b><span style="font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif";">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZytMU2BzUg</span></b></a></span><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ATF41zp9Qw"><b><span style="font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif";">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ATF41zp9Qw</span></b></a></span><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dke7T8cjXJk"><b><span style="font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif";">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dke7T8cjXJk</span></b></a></span><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Exercises: </span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><a href="https://www.englishgrammar.org/worksheet-6/"><b><span style="font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif";">https://www.englishgrammar.org/worksheet-6/</span></b></a></span><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Lesson: </span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><a href="https://www.grammar.cl/english/do-does-did-done.htm"><b><span style="font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif";">https://www.grammar.cl/english/do-does-did-done.htm</span></b></a></span><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Exercises: </span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><a href="https://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-49467.php"><b><span style="font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif";">https://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-49467.php</span></b></a></span><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Lesson: </span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><a href="https://www.teflcourse.net/english-grammar-corner/do-does-did-done/"><b><span style="font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif";">https://www.teflcourse.net/english-grammar-corner/do-does-did-done/</span></b></a></span><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Activity-3: Writing/Speaking<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Speak and write about your school.
Send a written and voice message.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Activity-4:
Listening<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oy4-WmjKtTM"><b><span style="font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif";">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oy4-WmjKtTM</span></b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Acivity-5: Homework</span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Source Sans Pro","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Watch all the videos and learn the
lessons</span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Do the
activities and send the marks.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Learn all the
words and expand your vocabulary.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Write the
given essays and send voice messages on them.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Do the
listening tests and send the marks.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">You are given
marks for all the above activities.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><p></p>D.N. Aloysiushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18412043763058595301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8619433991169082205.post-33258098580956113392021-12-08T22:03:00.002-08:002021-12-08T22:03:11.595-08:00Basic English for Postgraduate Diploma in Education Rajarata University <p> DO/Does/Did</p><p>https://www.englishgrammar.org/worksheet-6/</p><p><br /></p>D.N. Aloysiushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18412043763058595301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8619433991169082205.post-9924486313409039742021-12-08T19:21:00.002-08:002021-12-08T19:21:43.355-08:00Postgraduate Diploma in Education-2021-2022 Rajarata University of Sri Lanka Special Methods in Teaching English<p> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Grammar-Translation
Method<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The <b>Grammar-Translation
Method</b> (GTM) evolved from the Classical Method that was used from the
15th century in the teaching of Latin and Greek — both long-since dead
languages. Latin and Greek were taught to promote the intellect and virtually
no attempt was made to speak them. GTM, formalized in Germany in the late-18th
century, similarly places little or no emphasis on actually speaking or
communicating in the target language. Classwork is highly structured, with the
teacher controlling all activities. The method focuses on the literature and
grammar of the target language, with passages being translated into and from
the mother tongue. Consequently it tends to be very much text-based. Typically,
the teacher gives instructions and grammatical explanations in the mother
tongue. Little or no attempt is made to teach pronunciation.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style", "serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><b><span style="color: red;">Sources:
<a href="https://www.tefl.net/methods/grammar-translation.php">https://www.tefl.net/methods/grammar-translation.php</a></span></b><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>D.N. Aloysiushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18412043763058595301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8619433991169082205.post-9356730646514088982021-11-11T18:11:00.002-08:002021-11-11T18:11:33.075-08:00Bhiksu University of Sri Lanka External Degree Program Anuradhapura English Literature-E/ENGL 1024 Revision<p> </p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: white; border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 100%px;">
<tbody><tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="height: 15.0pt; padding: 3.0pt 30.0pt 10.0pt 15.0pt; width: 100.0%;" valign="top" width="100%">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Leonard
Woolf was a political theorist, author, publisher and a civil servant and
identified as a liberal intellectual and was in the habit of carrying 70
volumes of complete works of Voltaire in his luggage during his travels.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">During his university career in
Cambridge his close associates were Lytton Strachey, John Maynard, Clive
Bell, E.M.Forster, Desmond Mccathry and Thoby Stephen.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">They formed ‘Bloomsbury Group’
comprised of intellectuals of the calibre of Virginia Woolf who was the wife
of Leonard Woolf.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Just after his graduation In
the year 1904 Leonard Woolf came to Sri Lanka (then Ceylon) and became a
cadet in the Ceylon Civil Service under the British Colonial Administration.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">First he served in the Jaffna
peninsula and later in Kandy and again in the year 1908 he was promoted
Assistant Government Agent of Hambantota district considered as the least
developed district in the country.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">After serving three years in
the Hambantota district as the Government Agent out of seven years stay in
Sri Lanka, Leonard Woolf left Sri Lanka in 1911 and got married to Virginia
in 1912.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Woolf studied both languages of
Tamil and Sinhala which facilitated him in his communication with the
villagers of grass root levels.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">An analytical study of Village
in the Jungle reveals Leonard Woolf's mastery of Sinhala colloquial
expressions of simple rural folk of Sri Lanka.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">He has made use of expressions
of the villagers in conversation during their day-to-day activities and also
the filthy language when they lost their temper. ‘When the belly is empty the
mouth talks of rice.’‘Vesi! vesi mau ! (How Silindu reacted when his wife
Dingihami gave birth to twins of two girls the characters of Punchi Menika
and Hinnihami in the novel.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In addition, Woolf’s
exceptional knowledge on Buddhism, Jataka stories, hinduism, superstitions,
rituals, traditions, customs and agricultural methods of the country helped
him in creating an authentic milieu to his tragic narration of ‘Village in
the Jungle’ published in 1913.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">‘The Buddha said, kill not at
all, kill nothing. It is a sin to kill.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(This was the sermon given by
by the old man to Silindu on his way to prison after killings.) Woolf had
implied the effects of redemption taken place in the mind of Silindu just
after listening the basic tenets of Buddhism.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">‘The Village in the Jungle’
(Beddegama) compiled by Woolf can be identified as a tragedy of vast
dimensions unfolding the stark reality of every facet of lives of rustic
communities exploited by numerous forces including outside influences.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">It is not an exaggeration to
say that the reader of the novel ‘Village in the Jungle’ never feels leaving
it till the last page which is of highly emotive in nature.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Evil forces lurking in the
jungle, corruption rampant among the members of the administrative hierarchy
and superstitions, effects of fate, poverty and hunger, alienation,
exploitation and discrimination of simple villagers are the numerous themes
highlighted by Woolf in his novel.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<table align="right" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="4" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 3.0pt; mso-padding-alt: 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-table-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-table-left: right; mso-table-lspace: 2.25pt; mso-table-rspace: 2.25pt; mso-table-top: middle; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 100px;">
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 2.25pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">‘A man may wash himself clean
of oil, but however much he rubs himself he will never rub off fate.’(Chapter
vii.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Woolf had constantly
highlighted the corruption rampant among the peons, koralas and jail guards
who were in the habit of obtaining bribes even to provide some information as
experienced by Punchi Menika when she reached the Prison of Tangalla.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Mudalali Fernando tried to
obtain a sexual bribe from Punchi Menika to relieve their family of debts and
to offer her husband Babun a job as a gambaraya This was the situation during
the Colonial era in Ceylon but now in post independent Sri Lanka the
situation has become worst.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The novel can be considered a
treatise on the socio-economic study comprising every aspect of the lives of
the people of a remote hamlet in Ceylon under the British Colonial
Administration.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">‘Beddagama’ was the name of the
village in the jungle and it originally comprised 10 wattle and daub huts and
at the end Woolf had given a vivid description of how the last house where
Punchi Menika lived in isolation disappeared.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">When she was struggling for
survival in her hut all alone Punchi Menika reminisced on the evil powers and
devils reigning in the jungle.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This was constantly reminded to
her by Silindu whenever she was with him in the jungle.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">‘Did I not often tell you of
the devils of the trees that lurk for you by the way?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">I have stood by you against
them in the day. I have held you in my arms when they howled about the house
at night.’<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Woolf had symbolically
portrayed the evil forces of the jungle and the effects of fate in his
narration.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">‘When the end was close upon
her a great black shadow glided into the doorway.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Two little eyes twinkled at her
steadily, two immense white tusks curled up gleaming against the darkness.’<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">‘Appochchi, Appochchi’ she
screamed. ‘He has come, the devil from the bush.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">He has come to me as you said.
Aiyo! Save me, save me! Apochchi!, were the last words of Punchi Menika.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Woolf had woven a closely knit
story based on a family alienated and discriminated by the rest of the
families of Beddagama.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Silindu was the protagonist of
the story and he and his two daughters Hinnihamy and Punchi Menika were
inextricably interlinked to the jungle and its evil forces, devils and its
wild animals.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In addition to the unseen evil
forces lurking in the jungle the outside intruders to Beddagama brought
endless problems to their family.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Silindu and his family were
fully aware of the nature of the jungle and lived along with the evil forces
and the devils suffering silently and never making an attempt overcome
them.Silidu mistakenly believed by killing of two intruders to his family could
put an end to all the misery.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Woolf had attributed misery,
sorrow and tragedy destroyed the peace and harmony of Silindu’s family and
the disintegration of the whole village to the outsiders who intruded
Beddagama in order fulfill their vicious desires.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Throughout the story Wolf had
given detailed descriptions about the abject poverty perpetual starvation and
the deaths occurred on daily basis due to the affliction of malaria.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This was the atmosphere that
pervaded the villagers of Beddagama in addition to the catstrophic effects
caused chiefly by the non- availability of rain water for chena and paddy
cultivations. ‘Usually the villagers lived entirely by cultivating
chenas.’(Ch. 1) ‘hunger and the fear of hunger always lay upon the village.’<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">‘It was only for a few months
each year after the crop was reaped that the villagers knew the daily comfort
of a fully belly.’<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Woolf could gather vital
information during his frequent circuit visits to remote villages of
Hambantota district.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Village in the Jungle’ is based on his
diary notes he had made during his visits to the remote villages of Hambantoa
district.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His unique knowledge on chena
cultivation is evident by the authentic description given in the first
chapter of the novel. ‘In August every man took a katty and went out into the
jungle and cut down the undergrowth, over an acre or two. Then he returned
home. In September he went out again and set fire to the dead undergrowth.’
As a writer deeply involved in political ideology of Liberal Party and a keen
student of sociology, Woolf put into practice his knowledge when he assumed
duties as the Government Agent of Hambantota.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Even though he was a British
national he visited the remote village areas to gather firsthand information
of the issues affecting the marginalised rural communities of the Hambantota
district. Prof. Yasmin Goonaratne backed by her academic expertise on oriental
and occidental literature and cultural diversities has done a comprehensive
research on the conflict that emerged in between the two cultures which is
vividly portrayed by Woolf in his narration on Beddagama.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The themes depicted in the
novel bear some parallelism to the themes highlighted in the novels of
Rudyard Kipling, Joseph Conrad and E.M.Foster belong to the genre of British
Colonial literature.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Catherine and Heathcliff’s passion for one
another seems to be the center of <span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">Wuthering Heights, </span>given
that it is stronger and more lasting than any other emotion displayed in the
novel, and that it is the source of most of the major conflicts that structure
the novel’s plot. As she tells Catherine and Heathcliff’s story, Nelly
criticizes both of them harshly, condemning their passion as immoral, but
this passion is obviously one of the most compelling and memorable aspects of
the book.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 18.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">It
is not easy to decide whether Brontë intends the reader to condemn these
lovers as blameworthy or to idealize them as romantic heroes whose love
transcends social norms and conventional morality. The book is actually
structured around two parallel love stories, the first half of the novel
centering on the love between Catherine and Heathcliff, while the less
dramatic second half features the developing love between young Catherine and
Hareton. In contrast to the first, the latter tale ends happily, restoring
peace and order to Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 18.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">The differences
between the two love stories contribute to the reader’s understanding of why
each ends the way it does. The most important feature of young Catherine and
Hareton’s love story is that it involves growth and change. Early in the
novel Hareton seems irredeemably brutal, savage, and illiterate, but over
time he becomes a loyal friend to young Catherine and learns to read. When
young Catherine first meets Hareton he seems completely alien to her world,
yet her attitude also evolves from contempt to love.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Catherine and
Heathcliff’s love, on the other hand, is rooted in their childhood and is
marked by the refusal to change. In choosing to marry Edgar, Catherine seeks
a more genteel life, but she refuses to adapt to her role as wife, either by
sacrificing Heathcliff or embracing Edgar. In Chapter XII she suggests to
Nelly that the years since she was twelve years old and her father died have
been like a blank to her, and she longs to return to the moors of her
childhood. Heathcliff, for his part, possesses a seemingly superhuman ability
to maintain the same attitude and to nurse the same grudges over many years.
Moreover, Catherine and Heathcliff’s love is based on their shared perception
that they are identical. Catherine declares, famously, “I <span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">am</span> Heathcliff,” while Heathcliff, upon Catherine’s
death, wails that he cannot live without his “soul,” meaning Catherine. Their
love denies difference, and is strangely asexual. The two do not kiss in dark
corners or arrange secret trysts, as adulterers do.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Given that
Catherine and Heathcliff’s love is based upon their refusal to change over
time or embrace difference in others, it is fitting that the disastrous
problems of their generation are overcome not by some climactic reversal, but
simply by the inexorable passage of time, and the rise of a new and distinct
generation. Ultimately, <span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">Wuthering Heights</span> presents
a vision of life as a process of change, and celebrates this process over and
against the romantic intensity of its principal characters.<o:p></o:p></p>
<h3 style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The Precariousness of Social Class<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 18.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">As
members of the gentry, the Earnshaws and the Lintons occupy a somewhat
precarious place within the hierarchy of late eighteenth- and early
nineteenth-century British society. At the top of British society was the
royalty, followed by the aristocracy, then by the gentry, and then by the
lower classes, who made up the vast majority of the population. Although the
gentry, or upper middle class, possessed servants and often large estates,
they held a nonetheless fragile social position. The social status of
aristocrats was a formal and settled matter, because aristocrats had official
titles.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 18.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Members
of the gentry, however, held no titles, and their status was thus subject to
change. A man might see himself as a gentleman but find, to his
embarrassment, that his neighbors did not share this view. A discussion of
whether or not a man was really a gentleman would consider such questions as
how much land he owned, how many tenants and servants he had, how he spoke,
whether he kept horses and a carriage, and whether his money came from land
or “trade”—gentlemen scorned banking and commercial activities.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Considerations of
class status often crucially inform the characters’ motivations in <span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">Wuthering Heights</span>. Catherine’s decision to marry Edgar so
that she will be “the greatest woman of the neighborhood” is only the most
obvious example. The Lintons are relatively firm in their gentry status but
nonetheless take great pains to prove this status through their behaviors.
The Earnshaws, on the other hand, rest on much shakier ground socially. They
do not have a carriage, they have less land, and their house, as Lockwood
remarks with great puzzlement, resembles that of a “homely, northern farmer”
and not that of a gentleman. The shifting nature of social status is
demonstrated most strikingly in Heathcliff’s trajectory from homeless waif to
young gentleman-by-adoption to common laborer to gentleman again (although
the status-conscious Lockwood remarks that Heathcliff is only a gentleman in
“dress and manners”).<o:p></o:p></p>
<h3 style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The Futility of Revenge<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 18.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Revenge
is a central focus of Heathcliff’s life and, in fact, drives most of the
decisions he makes later in the novel. Though Heathcliff gains some bitter
satisfaction through causing pain for others, he does not achieve any
personal happiness. Instead, his single-minded pursuit of revenge leaves him
empty and exhausted. After being tormented by Hindley as a child, Heathcliff
becomes obsessed with the idea of getting revenge. By taking advantage of
Hindley’s debt, Heathcliff gains control of Wuthering Heights and becomes the
master of the house, a great irony considering he was once forced to work
there as a de facto servant.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 18.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Heathcliff
seeks further revenge on Hindley by raising Hareton, who should have grown up
to be a gentleman and a landowner, like a common servant, forcing on the boy
the same indignity Hindley had once heaped on Heathcliff. Heathcliff is fully
aware of his cruelty. As he explains to Nelly, he understands and desire
Hareton’s suffering: “I know what he suffers now, for instance, exactly—it is
merely a beginning of what he shall suffer, though.” Moreover, Heathcliff has
the perverse pleasure of knowing Hareton loves and respects him no matter how
badly he treats him. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 18.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Heathcliff
eventually achieves his entire plan of revenge, including marrying Cathy and
Linton so that he also gains control of the Grange. However, Heathcliff’s
death, alone and desperate for his lost love, represents the futility of his
struggle. Though he achieved his desired revenge on those, living and dead,
who had wronged him, he remains unfulfilled in his true desire—to be reunited
with Cathy, which can only be achieved in death.<o:p></o:p></p>
<h3 style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Injustice Versus the Necessity of the Class System<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 18.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Social
class is presented as an ambivalent theme in the novel. On one hand, Brontë
seems to argue that social class is an arbitrary distinction that prevents
people from being happy. On the other, she shows disruptions to social class
as negative forces that have to be eliminated in order for peace and order to
be restored. As a young child, the fact that Heathcliff is treated
differently simply because of his family background seems to be clearly
unfair. Nelly tries to console him by suggesting that he imagine the
background he might have: “I would frame high notions of my birth and the
thoughts of what I was should give me courage and dignity to support the
oppressions of a little farmer.” This consolation is particularly poignant
coming from a servant who also has to reconcile herself with her own class
position even though she is essential to everyone’s lives. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 18.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">However,
while Brontë seems to be sympathetic to Heathcliff’s frustration with the
class system, she also implies that he goes too far when he tries to disrupt
it and insert himself. Nelly pointedly calls Hareton “the last of the ancient
Earnshaw stock” and later refers to him as someone who “should be the first
gentleman of the neighborhood.” When Heathcliff dies, Joseph thanks God that
“the lawful master and the ancient stock were restored to their rights.”
Interestingly, it is servants who express the strongest support for proper
inheritance and tradition. Peace and happiness are restored to both houses
only when Heathcliff and his son have passed away, and Hareton and Cathy are
united as the inheritors of the Linton and Earnshaw legacies. Heathcliff
achieves his vision of lying next to Cathy for eternity, but he has to be
wiped out of the class system if anyone can lead happy and peaceful
lives. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Of the major themes in Wuthering
Heights, the nature of love — both romantic and brotherly but, oddly enough,
not erotic — applies to the principal characters as well as the minor ones.
Every relationship in the text is strained at one point or another. Brontë's
exploration of love is best discussed in the context of good versus evil
(which is another way of saying love versus hate). Although the polarities
between good and evil are easily understood, the differences are not that
easily applied to the characters and their actions.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The most important relationship
is the one between Heathcliff and Catherine. The nature of their love seems
to go beyond the kind of love most people know. In fact, it is as if their
love is beyond this world, belonging on a spiritual plane that supercedes
anything available to everyone else on Earth. Their love seems to be born out
of their rebellion and not merely a sexual desire. They both, however, do not
fully understand the nature of their love, for they betray one another: Each
of them marry a person whom they know they do not love as much as they love
each other.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Contrasting the capacity for
love is the ability to hate. And Heathcliff hates with a vengeance.
Heathcliff initially focuses his hate toward Hindley, then to Edgar, and then
to a certain extent, to Catherine. Because of his hate, Heathcliff resorts to
what is another major theme in Wuthering Heights — revenge. Hate
and revenge intertwine with selfishness to reveal the conflicting emotions
that drive people to do things that are not particularly nice or rationale.
Some choices are regretted while others are relished.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">These emotions make the
majority of the characters in Wuthering Heights well rounded and
more than just traditional stereotypes. Instead of symbolizing a particular
emotion, characters symbolize real people with real, oftentimes not-so-nice
emotions. Every character has at least one redeeming trait or action with
which the reader can empathize. This empathy is a result of the complex
nature of the characters and results in a depiction of life in the Victorian
Era, a time when people behaved very similarly to the way they do today.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b>Sources:<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://archives.sundayobserver.lk/2014/12/21/mon03.asp"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://archives.sundayobserver.lk/2014/12/21/mon03.asp</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="https://www.sparknotes.com/lit/wuthering/themes/"><span style="color: windowtext;">https://www.sparknotes.com/lit/wuthering/themes/</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="https://www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/w/wuthering-heights/critical-essays/major-themes"><span style="color: windowtext;">https://www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/w/wuthering-heights/critical-essays/major-themes</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>D.N. Aloysiushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18412043763058595301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8619433991169082205.post-67914967145016005252021-10-25T22:15:00.005-07:002021-10-25T22:15:56.686-07:00Bhiksu University of Sri Lanka External Degree Program Anuradhapura English Literature-E/ENGL 2024 Anne Ranasinghe<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Discussion-5</span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">Anne
Ranasinghe highlights cruelty, inhumanity and violence through her poems.</span><b style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">Discuss
with reference to at least three poems composed by her.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">On the
Beach</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">‘<i>On the Beach’</i> describes a cruel
incident that happened on the beach. It is seen some boys making fun of a puppy
by torturing it on the sand. Though the poem is a simple one to read, there are
multiple layers of meaning. The simple yet disturbing <a href="https://poemanalysis.com/definition/context/"><span style="color: windowtext;">context</span></a> of
the poem reveals a harsh truth. From an early age, humans have this basic urge
to laugh at someone’s distress. Philosophers across the globe throw light on
this dark side of the human mind and think every human has this inherent dark
side. However, the motive behind writing this poem is to alert young readers
not to indulge in such inhumane acts. <i>On the Beach’ </i>is a poem
written by the Sri Lankan poet Anne Ranasinghe. It concerns how men drive
sadistic pleasure from torturing an innocent. This poem takes place on the
beach in clear daylight. In this poem’s context, three boys and a puppy are
there. Those boys have a rope and a stick to torture that innocence. What is
mere “play” for them, becomes insufferable torture for the innocent animal that
doesn’t even have the ability to yelp. However, the poem ends on a horrid note.
Ranasinghe writes, “They cry let’s/ play/ At burying him/ And then/ They bury
him.” Readers can sense what might have happened with the helpless creature.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This poem is 31 lines long and has uneven
line-length. Some lines describing the <a href="https://poemanalysis.com/definition/plot/"><span style="color: windowtext;">plot</span></a> are
long and some lines are comparably short. Those short lines are meant for
emphasizing the words especially. As an example, in the last section of the
poem, the word “play” stands alone in a line. Here, the poet emphasizes this
word and depicts a symbolic meaning. Apart from that, it is a <a href="https://poemanalysis.com/poetic-form/free-verse/"><span style="color: windowtext;">free verse</span></a> poem without having any specific <a href="https://poemanalysis.com/literary-device/rhyme/"><span style="color: windowtext;">rhyme</span></a>.
The flow of the poem gets maintained by the use of internal rhymings. However,
the poem is mostly composed of iambic feet.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> Literary Devices<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The poet begins her poem with a <a href="https://poemanalysis.com/figurative-language/metaphor/"><span style="color: windowtext;">metaphor</span></a> in the phrase, “the crash/ Of
the morning waves.” Thereafter, she uses <a href="https://poemanalysis.com/literary-device/personification/"><span style="color: windowtext;">personifies</span></a> in the following line.
Here, she personifies the “sunlight”. Anne also uses <a href="https://poemanalysis.com/figurative-language/metonymy/"><span style="color: windowtext;">metonymy</span></a> in this poem. As an example,
the “rope” is a metonym for torture. Moreover, there is a <a href="https://poemanalysis.com/literary-device/synecdoche/"><span style="color: windowtext;">synecdoche</span></a> in the line, “And helpless
anger.” Here, the poet presents the abstract idea, “anger” to portray the
helplessly angry creature suffering on the beach. Apart from that, from line 16
to line 18, the poet presents <a href="https://poemanalysis.com/literary-device/anaphora/"><span style="color: windowtext;">anaphora</span></a>. There is an <a href="https://poemanalysis.com/literary-device/allusion/"><span style="color: windowtext;">allusion</span></a> to the holocaust in the line,
“The alien years.” The poem ends with the use of <a href="https://poemanalysis.com/literary-device/alliteration/"><span style="color: windowtext;">alliteration</span></a> and <a href="https://poemanalysis.com/figurative-language/irony/"><span style="color: windowtext;">irony</span></a> as well.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The poem begins by directly presenting the plot of
the poem that is the sea beach. The use of the words “crash”, “drown”, and
“yelps” create the <a href="https://poemanalysis.com/definition/tone/"><span style="color: windowtext;">tone</span></a> and <a href="https://poemanalysis.com/definition/mood/"><span style="color: windowtext;">mood</span></a> of
the poem. However, in the first section of <i>‘On the Beach’</i>, the poet
depicts “Three boys, one puppy” and “A rope.” Those boys are torturing the
helpless puppy. As an effect, it yelps haplessly on the beach. However, the
poet ironically says that neither the crashing waves nor the sound of the wind
can drown its yelps. After reading the next few sections of the poem, readers
will get to know that the waves and the wind have drowned its <a href="https://poemanalysis.com/literary-device/voice/"><span style="color: windowtext;">voice</span></a>.
Whatsoever, this section contains an ironic representation of the cruel <a href="https://poemanalysis.com/definition/act/"><span style="color: windowtext;">act</span></a> that
happened on the beach. “The sand fills his ears.” In the following section of
the poem, Ranasinghe says that the creature’s agony rips dark holes in the eyes
of the torturers. It means that such a pathetic incident can hurt a person
deeply. Moreover, the poet says the helpless creature twists on the hand of
those boys as they noose the rope tighter. Along with that, they beat the puppy
with a thin stick. Each time the blow strikes harder. This sadistic act does
not stop here. They even throw sand on it until the sand fills its eyes, nose,
and ears.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">At the end of the previous section, the poet makes
a personal commentary on what is happening in the poem, <i>‘On the Beach’</i>.
Here, she dispassionately says though its eyes are filled with tears, the tears
taste salty in her mouth. So, the <a href="https://poemanalysis.com/diction/speaker-in-poetry/"><span style="color: windowtext;">speaker</span></a> was also a victim of such an
incident or some other incident like this in the past. For this reason, her
“alien years” have rotted her tongue into immobility. She becomes speechless
whenever she comes across such an action happening in front of her.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">However, the speaker says people swim in the sunlit
sea just like it is an ordinary day. They don’t even care what is happening on
the beach. In the last section, Ranasinghe shifts to the act of oppression
mentioned in the first section. After throwing sand on the puppy, the boys say
to each other, “Let’s play.” They don’t even know what they are doing. For
them, it’s just a plaything. At last, they bury the helpless creature alive!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> <i>‘On the Beach’</i> is a poem by Anne
Ranasinghe. She was born in a Jewish family and her name was Anneliese Katz.
During the holocaust, she left Nazi Germany and took shelter at her aunt’s in
England. When World War II broke out her parents got killed by the Nazis.
However, later she moved to Sri Lanka. She established her career there.
Whatsoever, being a victim of the holocaust, the episodes of her life had a
deep impression on her mind. This poem reflects this tension in the poet’s
mind. Moreover, the imaginary plot of the poem depicts the reality of the holocaust
in Nazi Germany. Last but not least, through this poem Ranasinghe describes how
that horrid incident during World War II made the victims cold at heart and
numb at an emotional level. </span><strong><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;">Anne
Ranasinghe(Anneliese Katz) who was a Jewish by birth was born in 1925 in
Germany. She was a victim of Nazi violence against Jewish in Germany. In the
literary world Anne Ranasinghe is known as a holocaust writer. Here in her poem
“At What Dark Point” she brings out the idea of unpredictability of violence in
a more evocative manner.<o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">The poem “At What Dark Point” sets in
a lush and rich almost romantic background with a regular scenery where a
stranger sitting under the Araliya in the poet’s path and twisting the strands
of a rope. At once it brings innocence and beauty in life yet the poet
juxtaposes the idea with sinister and evil dormant. Suddenly the romantic
verdant setting moves into a somber. The mechanical routine of the action has
suddenly been transformed, rousing evil without any volition of the doer. This
is what the poet experienced with a strong sense of genocide, it was her known
world with the people who she had the trust, faith and reliance suddenly
metamorphosed into a mind-boggling horrific world of violence and brutality. It
is her memory of Holocaust that triggers in her mind. The present scenery
evokes her horrific past and inviolate in her consciousness.<o:p></o:p></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">“And seeing him sit day after day,</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">sinister, silence, twisting his rope</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">to a future purpose of evilness</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">I sense the charred- wood smell again”<o:p></o:p></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><strong><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal;"><o:p> </o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;">With the innocent action
of the man she was potent with a signal of horror come in. It was the Nazi
attack where humanity was reduced to beasts and there was no possibility of
love and reason. “Animal fear” suggests the fact that hunting for prey. She
smells the burning down of the beautiful synagogue and the blood thirst of the
hunters. Moreover she depicts the picture with a sound effect “echoing thud”
she extends her experience by foregrounding her memory to the human context.<o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;">Yet as a whole the poem
conveys the deep pessimism of the poet. Neither the technological achievements
nor cultural facts can safeguard for the primeval instincts of the humans.</span></strong><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></strong></p>
<h2 style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 2.25pt; margin-right: 3.75pt; margin-top: 6.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt;">At What Dark Point </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal;"><br />
<br />
<span style="background: white; color: black;">Every morning I see him</span></span></strong><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal;"><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">sitting in speckled shade</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">of blossom laden araliya tree</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">which I planted many years ago</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">in my garden, and it branches now</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">have spread in our lane.</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">Under my tree in a shadow of silence</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">he sit, and with log skeletal hands</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">sorts of strands from a tangle of
juten fibres</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">and twisting, twisting makes a rope</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">that grows. And grows. Each day.</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">Every morning I pass him. He sits</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">in the golden – haze brightness under</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">my tree. Sits</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">on the edge of his silence twisting</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">his lengthening rope and</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">watching</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">me.</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">And seeing him sit day after day,</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">sinister, silent, twisting his rope</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">to a future purpose of evilness</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">I sense the charred-wood smell again</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">Stained glass exploding in the flames</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">( a firework of fractured glass</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">against the black November sky)</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">the streets deserted, all doors shut</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">at twelve o’ clock at night, and
running with animal fear</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">between high houses shuttered tight</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">the jackboot ringing hard and clear</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">while stalking with the lust for
blood.</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">I can still hear</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">the ironed heel – its echoing thud-</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">and still can taste the
cold-winter-taste</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">of charred-wood-midnight-fear</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">knowing</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">that nothing is impossible</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">that nothing is impossible</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">that anything is possible</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">that there is no safety</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">in words or houses</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">that boundaries are theoretical</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">and love is relative</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">to the choice before you.</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">I know that anything is impossible</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">anytime. There is no safety</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">in poems or music or even in</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">Philosophy. No safety</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">in houses or temples</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">of any faith.</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">And no one knows</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">at what dark point the time will come
again</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">blood and knives, terror and pain</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">of jackboots and twisted strand of
rope</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">And the impress of a child’s small
hand</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">paroxysmic mark on an oven wall</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">scratched death mark on an oven wall</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">is my child’s hand.<o:p></o:p></span></strong></span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Some looming clouds of gloom are incrementally enveloping our paradise
isle very vividly and palpably and the writer is compelled to suppose that the
whole nation is at some dark point in her history that has to be arrested at
any cost. At what dark point, we have to be deciphered by the intelligentsia of
the country with the least delay because of the very fact that when the die is
cast the situation would be ‘no turning, no stopping’ an ounce of prevention is
better than a pound of cure.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The student violence in the so called big schools is an ill omen. If it
goes spiraling, the whole school system would embroil in an ugly foray. This is
an unprecedented situation. It would be a Herculean task for the rulers who
have some other fish to fry. Modern generation seems to be very immature. They
are driven by sudden emotions. The solution has to bear social sensitivity. In
a village school, the higher authorities nip it in the bud, but the names of
the schools signal the level of the parents.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The other day, some of the national newspapers reported that a junior
prefect of a school in Kandy had been severely assaulted and intimidated by a
senior prefect of the same school. The reason behind that is not the concern
here, but the gravity of the situation with regard to student violence in the school
system. Once the writer read in a newspaper that a teacher in a school in
England had been molested by some students for keeping them after school for
not doing homework. So, the situation seems to be global and developed out of
proportion. The big match season is another nuisance and a root cause for
students’ violence. Yet, it has to be viewed sans malicious sentiments.
Opposing everything, dwelling in the traditional mindset is not the solution.
It has to be done on expert guidance.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ethnic violence<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Literature written on ethnic violence is vast. The nostalgic memories of
the writers have resulted in good literature in every genre. The late Anne
Ranasinghe’s poetry speaks volumes in this regard. The disgruntled politicians
and racist maniacs are at the forefront to hamper any development towards
ethnic harmony. I wonder if ethnic violence would raise its ugly head again
what could be the ultimate outcome? Under these circumstances reconciliation
efforts of the country ought to be propelled at any cost.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">It goes without saying that country is debt-ridden to the bottom. The
huge amounts of local borrowing and foreign debts have to be paid off. But, we
hear every day on the Central Bank grapevine that the country is in a
treacherous bog of financial disarray. It seems a Herculean task for the
governor to shoulder. Some others could invent and fabricate fairy tales to the
public as they are politically motivated to remain in power. The governor has
to bear the cross and have faith; the people have to tighten their belts. The
late professor Indrarathne and other veteran economists in the bygone era of
country’s economic resurgence candidly showed the way forward for us. Dr. N. M
. Perera’s far sighted economic planning to increase productivity and curtail
import of luxurious goods to the country was scrapped poignantly and very
ironically. He made the country debt-free to a great extent.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">It seems very advisable to take a leaf from his book and seek solace in
this disgraceful economic ordeal. A productivity driven economic system
curtailing unnecessary imports seems mandatory. Our honourble members of the
parliament would definitely wait for some time to enjoy the duty free benefits
to own a new car to visit the constituents with the sublime aim of serving
them.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The street protests do not seem augur well for country’s progress. The
opposing factions always claim for the right pound of flesh. The problems are
aggravated by the relevant MPs and ministers of our August Assembly making the
situation unbearable for the Government to solve. During the halcyon days of
our parliament in the post-independence period, the honourable members and
responsible ministers appeared in the house well prepared to answer any
question. It is only history now. When the well-educated parliamentarians were
on their feet, it was a scene to enjoy and something to listen and learn.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">When the late Anura Bandaranaike was on his feet, it was something to
learn and revise from HAMLET. The most veteran minister of finance the country
has ever seen honourable Ronie de Mel once said ‘SUPERSTION IS THE RELIGION OF
FEEBLE MINDS’. Informative, educational, literary eloquent, farsighted,
visionary and humorous speeches made by the iconic parliamentarians could be
the lessons for the novice of the current parliament if by chance they visit
their library as our well-read prime minister reminds them over and over again.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The oral questions that the members of our house ask to be answered by
the relevant ministers seem very unimportant. The country is burning and they
questions on very impertinent subjects. They are given humorous answers and the
tax payer foots the bill. The parliament canteen seems to be their rendezvous
to plan speeches for public ralleys. It seems that they make public utterances
with mutual understanding. That is the name of the game. At what dark point our
paradise island is?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">small screen<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The monks wearing their saffron robe could be seen very frequently on
the pillion of their friends’ motor cycles. Monks are highly venerated in our
society. Their reverence and dignity seem to have eroded due to such irrational
conduct in the public eye. One could argue on this matter very eloquently. But,
the crux of the matter is that they have already earned that ill reputation in
the public mind indelibly.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Another recent development is that the actors who are known by the
public for their known and unknown conduct are draped in the sacred robes for
aesthetic performances on the small screen in particular and on the silver
screen in general. In the contemporary period of our great playwright William
Shakespeare, even women were not allowed to perform on the stage. But, the
playwrights were capable enough to dress men for women. As a regular viewer of
tele-opera I have never seen the religious dignitaries of other faiths acting
in their clerical garbs. When we put this situation in juxtaposition one could
feel it odd. In the long run, this offshoot of monk actors would pave the way
for another cultural crisis, the writer laments, the writer is in a state of aphasia.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The other day, the writer pointed out in the national press a grave
error the examination department had made in the G.C.E. A/L English literature
question paper. It has fallen into deaf ears.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The defective question papers, leaking, pilferage, not representing the
given parts in the syllabus and a plethora of accusations against the question
paper modeling panels could be leveled with available data. The curriculum
development should necessarily be geared to productivity development of the
country. But, very poignantly these things lie stagnant at the relevant places.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">To clinch over, a comprehensive cleansing of all the aspects of
government machinery and public awareness of the ongoing changes are of
paramount importance to look forward to. The delay in taking decisions would
create calamitous effects leading the whole country to a total collapse and a
moral paralysis. This is the time to turn the swords into ploughshares. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><strong><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></strong><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br />
</span><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"></span>Plead Mercy<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;">We pass a bullock yoked to a cart<br />
Straining uphill. He shivers<br />
With effort, his bones<br />
Protrude and the taut skin quivers<br />
At each whip of sharp-throned stick<br />
There is no expression on his face<br />
Only his eyes plead mercy<br />
Foam slavers from his lips<br />
As he travails to increase his pace<br />
And slips. My daughter asks<br />
Does he think life is worth living?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;">I tell her what I know<br />
Is not true, that life<br />
Is always better than death<br />
She frowns<br />
If there is revolution, she says<br />
I'll kill myself. All those horrible things<br />
They do to people<br />
The bullock has fallen on the rough<br />
Edge of the road, He tries<br />
But in spite of the<br />
Stick he cannot rise<br />
Lord have mercy on his eyes<br />
My daughter is just thirteen.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;">Anne Ranasinghe, a German lady who
had experienced revolution and its horrible effects in her own country, seems
to make an appeal to the Buddhist philosophy to find out an answer to the
larger issues of the younger generation.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;">By birth she was German but later
married a Sri Lankan and has written many poems to the Sri Lankan poetry
lovers.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;">In this poem the writer presents a
very common theme, that is cruelty to the animals. She selects the situation of
a bullock cart where the carter inhumanly beats the bull, until it falls down;
unable to move a step further.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;">'As he travails to increase his
pace and slips.'<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;">The pathetic scene is watched by
the poet and her daughter who questions her mother and is not satisfied with
the answer she gets.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;">Anne Ranasinghe clearly brings out
the inhuman qualities of human beings. The bull is begging for mercy from his
master with his eyes and he is insensitive to the pleas of his own animal.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;">The daughter becomes sensitive to
the painful suffering experienced by the animal while the carter is not.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;">The girl represents the innocent
merciful younger generation while the carter represents the merciless adult
world. The mother is between these two. She is conscious of the girl's natural
feelings and troubled by her age. She wonders about her daughter.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;">However, "Sabbe Sattha
Bhavanthu Sukhitattha" this epigraph is taken from the Buddhist scripture
which means 'May all beings be free from sorrow and pain' makes us aware of our
Sri Lankan Buddhist culture which forbids any kind of torture and cruelty to all
living beings. This is a common wish of the Buddhists.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;">In a primarily Buddhist country
such as Sri Lanka, the Pali line is frequently uttered, it being associated
with one of the principal teachings of Buddhism - loving kindness. But the
irony of it is that in Sri Lanka, cruelty to animals and inhumanity prevail.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;">This is presented very dramatically
through a single episode where a thirteen-year-old girl who witnesses the
scene, questions her mother:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;">'Does he think life is worth
living?' which means 'Is life worth living if it's full of such suffering?'
Mother tells 'that life is always better than death'. But the daughter is not
satisfied with the answer she gets. The mother who has experienced such
cruelties committed upon animals is helpless and all she can do is to plead
mercy and pray that human beings become compassionate and merciful.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Sources: <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="http://archives.sundayobserver.lk/2008/03/16/mag05.asp"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://archives.sundayobserver.lk/2008/03/16/mag05.asp</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="http://www.scholarspark.com/at-what-dark-point-by-anne-ranasinghe.html"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.scholarspark.com/at-what-dark-point-by-anne-ranasinghe.html</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">https://www.dailynews.lk/2017/08/17/features/125431/what-dark-point<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>D.N. Aloysiushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18412043763058595301noreply@blogger.com0