ICBT Anuradhapura Campus

Higher Diploma in English Leading to BA Degree in English

Cardiff Metropolitan University UK

 

Lecturer: Dr. D.N. Aloysius (BA/PGDE/MA/M.Phil/Ph.D) Senior Lecturer in English (Former Head/English and Senior Lecturer in English (Retired) Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Examiner MA in Linguistics Program University of Kelaniya

Read the following text and answer the questions given below.

Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Modern Workplace

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the most transformative technologies of the twenty-first century. From healthcare and education to manufacturing and finance, AI is reshaping industries and redefining the nature of work. While some view AI as a revolutionary tool that can enhance productivity and improve quality of life, others express concerns about its potential impact on employment, privacy, and social inequality.

The development of AI has accelerated significantly in recent years due to advances in computing power, data availability, and machine learning algorithms. Modern AI systems are capable of performing tasks that once required human intelligence, such as language translation, image recognition, decision-making, and even creative activities like writing and music composition. As a result, organizations across the globe are increasingly integrating AI into their operations to reduce costs, improve efficiency, and gain competitive advantages.

One of the most notable benefits of AI is its ability to automate repetitive and time-consuming tasks. In many industries, employees spend a considerable amount of time performing routine activities that require little creativity or critical thinking. By automating these tasks, AI allows workers to focus on more complex and meaningful responsibilities. For example, in the banking sector, AI-powered systems can process transactions, detect fraudulent activities, and provide customer support through chatbots. This not only increases efficiency but also enhances customer satisfaction.

In the healthcare industry, AI has demonstrated remarkable potential. Machine learning algorithms can analyze vast amounts of medical data to identify patterns and predict diseases with impressive accuracy. AI-assisted diagnostic tools help doctors detect conditions such as cancer at earlier stages, improving treatment outcomes and potentially saving lives. Additionally, AI can assist in drug discovery, reducing the time and cost required to develop new medicines.

Despite these advantages, the widespread adoption of AI has raised concerns about job displacement. Many economists argue that automation may replace certain categories of jobs, particularly those involving routine manual or cognitive tasks. Workers in sectors such as manufacturing, transportation, and administrative support may face increased competition from intelligent machines. However, some experts contend that AI will create new employment opportunities, just as previous technological revolutions generated new industries and professions. According to this perspective, the challenge lies not in preventing technological progress but in ensuring that workers acquire the skills necessary to adapt to changing labor market demands.

Another important issue is the ethical use of AI. As AI systems become more sophisticated, questions arise regarding accountability, transparency, and fairness. AI algorithms are trained using large datasets, and if these datasets contain biases, the resulting systems may produce discriminatory outcomes. For instance, biased hiring algorithms could unfairly disadvantage certain groups of applicants. Consequently, organizations and governments must establish regulations and ethical guidelines to ensure that AI technologies are developed and used responsibly.

Privacy is another significant concern in the age of AI. Many AI applications rely on the collection and analysis of personal data. While this data can help improve services and personalize user experiences, it also raises questions about how information is stored, shared, and protected. Data breaches and unauthorized surveillance have highlighted the need for robust privacy safeguards. Individuals must be informed about how their data is being used, and organizations must be held accountable for protecting sensitive information.

Education systems also face the challenge of preparing students for an AI-driven future. Traditional educational models may no longer be sufficient in a world where technology evolves rapidly. Educational institutions must emphasize critical thinking, creativity, adaptability, and lifelong learning. Rather than competing with machines in tasks that can be automated, future workers will need to develop skills that complement technological capabilities.

Ultimately, AI is neither inherently beneficial nor harmful. Its impact depends largely on how societies choose to develop, regulate, and utilize the technology. By balancing innovation with ethical responsibility, governments, businesses, and individuals can harness the benefits of AI while minimizing its risks. As AI continues to evolve, thoughtful decision-making and collaboration will be essential in shaping a future that promotes economic growth, social well-being, and human dignity.

1.      What is the main purpose of the passage?
a) To explain the history of computers
b) To discuss the benefits and challenges of AI
c) To criticize technological development
d) To describe healthcare systems

2.      According to the passage, AI development has accelerated because of:
a) Increased government funding only
b) Advances in computing power and data availability
c) Population growth
d) Reduced internet usage

3.      Which industry is specifically mentioned as benefiting from AI diagnostics?
a) Agriculture
b) Tourism
c) Healthcare
d) Construction

4.      What concern is raised regarding AI algorithms?
a) They consume too much electricity.
b) They may contain biases.
c) They are difficult to understand.
d) They cannot process data efficiently.

5.      The author suggests that future workers should:
a) Avoid technology completely.
b) Focus only on manual labor.
c) Develop skills that complement technology.
d) Depend entirely on AI systems.

B. True or False

6.      AI can perform certain tasks that previously required human intelligence. _____

7.      The passage states that AI will eliminate all jobs in the future. _____

8.      Privacy concerns are linked to the collection and use of personal data. _____

9.      Educational institutions should ignore technological changes. _____

10.  The author believes AI is inherently harmful. _____

C. Short Answer Questions

11.  Mention two benefits of AI discussed in the passage.

12.  How can AI assist doctors in healthcare?

13.  Why might some workers be concerned about AI?

14.  What factors should education systems emphasize for future careers?

15.  Why are ethical guidelines important in AI development?

 

D. Vocabulary in Context

Choose the meaning closest to the underlined word.

16.  Transformative
a) Destructive
b) Revolutionary
c) Traditional
d) Temporary

17.  Automate
a) Simplify through human effort
b) Perform manually
c) Operate automatically
d) Eliminate completely

18.  Discriminatory
a) Fair and equal
b) Biased and unfair
c) Efficient
d) Transparent

19.  Sophisticated
a) Simple
b) Outdated
c) Advanced
d) Weak

20.  Harness
a) Prevent
b) Ignore
c) Utilize effectively
d) Destroy

E. Critical Thinking Questions

21.  Do you think AI will create more jobs than it eliminates? Give reasons for your answer.

22.  What measures should governments take to regulate AI responsibly?

23.  How can individuals protect their privacy in an increasingly digital world?

24.  Should AI be allowed to make important decisions without human oversight? Why or why not?

25.  In your opinion, what is the greatest benefit and the greatest risk associated with AI?