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Thursday, December 23, 2010
Saturday, December 11, 2010
Revision Test-1 Results 11.12.2010 Diploma in Business Economics/Business Communication
A -Distinction 85-100
A -Merit 75-84
B 60-74
C 40-59
D 25-39
E 00-24
1-C
2-Merit
3-C
4--
5-E
6-B
7--
8-B
9-D
10-B
11--
12-C
13-C
14-D
15--
16--
17-C
18-D
19-Merit
20-B
21-C
22--
23-D
24-B
25-B
26-Distinction
27--
28-B
29--
30-Distinction
31--
32-B
33-B
34-B
D.N. Aloysius
11.12.2010 -11.30.p.m.
A -Merit 75-84
B 60-74
C 40-59
D 25-39
E 00-24
1-C
2-Merit
3-C
4--
5-E
6-B
7--
8-B
9-D
10-B
11--
12-C
13-C
14-D
15--
16--
17-C
18-D
19-Merit
20-B
21-C
22--
23-D
24-B
25-B
26-Distinction
27--
28-B
29--
30-Distinction
31--
32-B
33-B
34-B
D.N. Aloysius
11.12.2010 -11.30.p.m.
Revision Test-1 Results 11.12.2010 Diploma in Business Economics/Business Communication
Revision Test-1 (11.12.2010)
Business Communication
A -Distinction 85-100
A -Merit 75-84
B 60-74
C 40-59
D 25-39
E 00-24
Business Communication
A -Distinction 85-100
A -Merit 75-84
B 60-74
C 40-59
D 25-39
E 00-24
Revision Test-1 Results 11.12.2010 Diploma in Business Economics/Business Communication
1-C
2-Merit
3-C
4--
5-E
6-B
7--
8-B
9-D
10-B
11--
12-C
13-C
14-D
15--
16--
17-C
18-D
19-Merit
20-B
21-C
22--
23-D
24-B
25-B
26-Distinction
27--
28-B
29--
30-Distinction
31--
32-B
33-B
34-B
D.N. Aloysius
11.12.2010
2-Merit
3-C
4--
5-E
6-B
7--
8-B
9-D
10-B
11--
12-C
13-C
14-D
15--
16--
17-C
18-D
19-Merit
20-B
21-C
22--
23-D
24-B
25-B
26-Distinction
27--
28-B
29--
30-Distinction
31--
32-B
33-B
34-B
D.N. Aloysius
11.12.2010
Thursday, December 9, 2010
Rajarata University of Sri Lanka/Diploma in Business Economics/Business Communication
Oral communication
Interviews-1
Interviewee: Good morning Sir!
Interviewer: Good morning! Mr. Ranaweera. Be seated please.
Interviewee: Thank you, Sir.
Interviewer: You are welcome. Where are you from?
Interviewee: I am from Anuradhapura.
Interviewer: Anuradhapura, whereabouts?
Interviewee: New Town
Interviewer: OK, Mr. Ranaweera. Can you tell me something about your family?
Interviewee: I am married. My wife is Saroja Ranaweera. She is employed as a nurse. She works at Anuradhapura Teaching Hospital. We have only one child. He is two years old.
Interviewer: What about your parents?
Interviewee: They are retired teachers. They live with us.
Interviewer: Do you have brothers and sisters?
Interviewee: Yes, of course. I have two brothers and one sister. They are all employed and married. They also live at Anuradhapura.
Interviewer: What do they do?
Interviewee: My two brothers are teachers. My sister is a nurse.
Interviewer: O.K. Mr. Ranaweera. Where did you study?
Interviewee: I studied at Anuradhapura Central College.
Interviewer: Could you please tell me about your educational qualifications?
Interviewee: Yes, sir. I passed my G.C.E A/L Examination in 2005.
Interviewer: What subjects did you offer for your G.C.E A/L Examination?
Interviewee: I offered Arts subjects. They are Sinhala, Economics and Political Science.
Interviewer: What about your English and IT knowledge? Can you manage to work in English in the office?
Interviewee: Yes, of course. I have followed two Diploma Courses in English and It. Therefore, I think I can manage to work in English.
Interviewer: Do you have any working experience regarding this field?
Interviewee: Yes, sir. I have worked in the same field for two years on a project. It is related to the economic development.
Interviewer: O.K. Mr. Ranaweera. If you are selected for this post, would you like to work in our branch at Matale? We have a vacancy there for a Development Assistant.
Interviewee: Yes, certainly. Since I am from Kandy, I can easily travel there.
Interviewer: Thank you, Mr. Ranaweera. We will inform you the result.
Interviewee: O.K. Sir. Thank you very much.
Interviewer: You are welcome.
D.N. Aloysius
Lecturer in English
Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities
Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Interviews-1
Interviewee: Good morning Sir!
Interviewer: Good morning! Mr. Ranaweera. Be seated please.
Interviewee: Thank you, Sir.
Interviewer: You are welcome. Where are you from?
Interviewee: I am from Anuradhapura.
Interviewer: Anuradhapura, whereabouts?
Interviewee: New Town
Interviewer: OK, Mr. Ranaweera. Can you tell me something about your family?
Interviewee: I am married. My wife is Saroja Ranaweera. She is employed as a nurse. She works at Anuradhapura Teaching Hospital. We have only one child. He is two years old.
Interviewer: What about your parents?
Interviewee: They are retired teachers. They live with us.
Interviewer: Do you have brothers and sisters?
Interviewee: Yes, of course. I have two brothers and one sister. They are all employed and married. They also live at Anuradhapura.
Interviewer: What do they do?
Interviewee: My two brothers are teachers. My sister is a nurse.
Interviewer: O.K. Mr. Ranaweera. Where did you study?
Interviewee: I studied at Anuradhapura Central College.
Interviewer: Could you please tell me about your educational qualifications?
Interviewee: Yes, sir. I passed my G.C.E A/L Examination in 2005.
Interviewer: What subjects did you offer for your G.C.E A/L Examination?
Interviewee: I offered Arts subjects. They are Sinhala, Economics and Political Science.
Interviewer: What about your English and IT knowledge? Can you manage to work in English in the office?
Interviewee: Yes, of course. I have followed two Diploma Courses in English and It. Therefore, I think I can manage to work in English.
Interviewer: Do you have any working experience regarding this field?
Interviewee: Yes, sir. I have worked in the same field for two years on a project. It is related to the economic development.
Interviewer: O.K. Mr. Ranaweera. If you are selected for this post, would you like to work in our branch at Matale? We have a vacancy there for a Development Assistant.
Interviewee: Yes, certainly. Since I am from Kandy, I can easily travel there.
Interviewer: Thank you, Mr. Ranaweera. We will inform you the result.
Interviewee: O.K. Sir. Thank you very much.
Interviewer: You are welcome.
D.N. Aloysius
Lecturer in English
Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities
Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Rajarata University of Sri Lanka/Diploma in Business Economics/Business Communication
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Introduction to Business communication
Business communication means the communication between the people in the organization for the purpose of carrying out the business activities. It may be oral or written etc.
A business can flourish when all the targets of the organization are achieved effectively. For efficiency in an organization all the people within and outside of the organization must be able to convey their message properly. The exchange of ideas, understanding, within and outside the organization to achieve the business goals is known as business communication.
Building the business communication infrastructure
In business communication the use of emails, memos and letters should be written in a way that produces the best results. You should use the tone and level of formality that fits the objectives and the reader, and convey you thoughts in a concise and intelligent way.
Holding Regular Meetings
In addition to emails and letters, meetings also play a vital role in business communication. In any organization, meetings are vital part of the organization of work and the flow of information. They act as a mechanism for gathering together resources from many sources and pooling then towards a common objective. Employees generally dislike this type of get-together because they are usually futile, boring, time wasting, dull, and inconvenient.
Your challenge is to break this attitude and to make your meetings effective. As with every other managed activity, meetings should be planned beforehand, monitored during for effectiveness, and reviewed afterwards for improvement. A meeting is the ultimate form of business communication. One can organize the information and structure of the meeting to support the effective communication of the participants.
No manager can be effective in his job unless he is able to communicate. It is the most essential single skill.
Business communication is a tool that allows you to improve the performance of your employees, it allows you to improve the performance of the teams within your company, and it allows you to improve the performance of your entire organization, all with the common purpose to execute the organization’s strategy, reach its vision, and fulfill its mission.
Business communication is used to promote a product, service, or organization; relay information within the business; or deal with legal and similar issues. It is also a means of relaying between a supply chain, for example the consumer and manufacturer.
Business Communication encompasses a variety of topics, including Marketing, Branding, Customer relations, Consumer behavior, Advertising, Public relations, Corporate communication, Community engagement, Research & Measurement, Reputation management, Interpersonal communication, Employee engagement, Online communication, and Event management. It is closely related to the fields of professional communication and technical communication.
In business, the term communication encompasses various channels of communication, including the Internet, Print (Publications), Radio, Television, Outdoor, and Word of mouth.
Business Communication can also refer to internal communication. A communications director will typically manage internal communication and craft messages sent to employees. It is vital that internal communications are managed properly because a poorly crafted or managed message could foster distrust or hostility from employees.
There are several methods of business communication, including:
• Web-based communication - for better and improved communication, anytime anywhere ...
• Video conferencing which allow people in different locations to hold interactive meetings;
• e-mails, which provide an instantaneous medium of written communication worldwide;
• Reports - important in documenting the activities of any department;
• Presentations - very popular method of communication in all types of organizations, usually involving audiovisual material, like copies of reports, or material prepared in Microsoft PowerPoint or Adobe Flash;
• T meetings, which allow for long distance speech;
• Forum boards, which allow people to instantly post information at a centralized location; and
• Face-to-face meetings, which are personal and should be succeeded by a written follow-up.
Business communication is somewhat different and unique rather from other type of communication since the purpose of business is to get profit. Thus, to make good way for profit the communicator should develop good communication skills. Everyone knows that in the present day trends the knowledge alone won’t be a fruitful one to have sustainable development. By knowing the importance of communication many organizations started training their employees in betterment of communication techniques.
Essentially due to globalization the world has become a global village. Thus, here the importance of cross cultural communication plays a vital role. Since each and every nation has their own meaning for each and every non verbal actions.
The way we appear speaks a lot about us in business communication. A neat appearance is half done verbal communication. But, developing communication is not a day’s work, it needs constant yearly practice. There are several ways to get trained in excelling business communication:
by our own
by practicing from trainers
by internet contents
by books
Other aspects discussed under Business communication
• Business Ethics
• Business and Workplace Etiquette
• Business Writing Skills
• Communication in the Workplace
• Conflict Resolution
• Creative Thinking
• Crisis Management
• Cross Cultural Communication
• Customer Relations
• Effective Meetings
• Job-hunting Skills
• Management Strategies
• Marketing Communication
• Negotiating Skills
• Networking in Business
• Presentation Skills
• Team Building
• Technology and Human Communication: The Interface
• Telephone Marketing and Skills
References:
1. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_communication-18.11.2010
2. www.hodu.com/business-communication-menu.html-18.11.2010
3. Web site-1 dnaloysius.blogspot.com
4. Web site-2 www.aloysiusdn.com
D.N. Aloysius
Lecturer in English
Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities
Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
10.12.2010
Introduction to Business communication
Business communication means the communication between the people in the organization for the purpose of carrying out the business activities. It may be oral or written etc.
A business can flourish when all the targets of the organization are achieved effectively. For efficiency in an organization all the people within and outside of the organization must be able to convey their message properly. The exchange of ideas, understanding, within and outside the organization to achieve the business goals is known as business communication.
Building the business communication infrastructure
In business communication the use of emails, memos and letters should be written in a way that produces the best results. You should use the tone and level of formality that fits the objectives and the reader, and convey you thoughts in a concise and intelligent way.
Holding Regular Meetings
In addition to emails and letters, meetings also play a vital role in business communication. In any organization, meetings are vital part of the organization of work and the flow of information. They act as a mechanism for gathering together resources from many sources and pooling then towards a common objective. Employees generally dislike this type of get-together because they are usually futile, boring, time wasting, dull, and inconvenient.
Your challenge is to break this attitude and to make your meetings effective. As with every other managed activity, meetings should be planned beforehand, monitored during for effectiveness, and reviewed afterwards for improvement. A meeting is the ultimate form of business communication. One can organize the information and structure of the meeting to support the effective communication of the participants.
No manager can be effective in his job unless he is able to communicate. It is the most essential single skill.
Business communication is a tool that allows you to improve the performance of your employees, it allows you to improve the performance of the teams within your company, and it allows you to improve the performance of your entire organization, all with the common purpose to execute the organization’s strategy, reach its vision, and fulfill its mission.
Business communication is used to promote a product, service, or organization; relay information within the business; or deal with legal and similar issues. It is also a means of relaying between a supply chain, for example the consumer and manufacturer.
Business Communication encompasses a variety of topics, including Marketing, Branding, Customer relations, Consumer behavior, Advertising, Public relations, Corporate communication, Community engagement, Research & Measurement, Reputation management, Interpersonal communication, Employee engagement, Online communication, and Event management. It is closely related to the fields of professional communication and technical communication.
In business, the term communication encompasses various channels of communication, including the Internet, Print (Publications), Radio, Television, Outdoor, and Word of mouth.
Business Communication can also refer to internal communication. A communications director will typically manage internal communication and craft messages sent to employees. It is vital that internal communications are managed properly because a poorly crafted or managed message could foster distrust or hostility from employees.
There are several methods of business communication, including:
• Web-based communication - for better and improved communication, anytime anywhere ...
• Video conferencing which allow people in different locations to hold interactive meetings;
• e-mails, which provide an instantaneous medium of written communication worldwide;
• Reports - important in documenting the activities of any department;
• Presentations - very popular method of communication in all types of organizations, usually involving audiovisual material, like copies of reports, or material prepared in Microsoft PowerPoint or Adobe Flash;
• T meetings, which allow for long distance speech;
• Forum boards, which allow people to instantly post information at a centralized location; and
• Face-to-face meetings, which are personal and should be succeeded by a written follow-up.
Business communication is somewhat different and unique rather from other type of communication since the purpose of business is to get profit. Thus, to make good way for profit the communicator should develop good communication skills. Everyone knows that in the present day trends the knowledge alone won’t be a fruitful one to have sustainable development. By knowing the importance of communication many organizations started training their employees in betterment of communication techniques.
Essentially due to globalization the world has become a global village. Thus, here the importance of cross cultural communication plays a vital role. Since each and every nation has their own meaning for each and every non verbal actions.
The way we appear speaks a lot about us in business communication. A neat appearance is half done verbal communication. But, developing communication is not a day’s work, it needs constant yearly practice. There are several ways to get trained in excelling business communication:
by our own
by practicing from trainers
by internet contents
by books
Other aspects discussed under Business communication
• Business Ethics
• Business and Workplace Etiquette
• Business Writing Skills
• Communication in the Workplace
• Conflict Resolution
• Creative Thinking
• Crisis Management
• Cross Cultural Communication
• Customer Relations
• Effective Meetings
• Job-hunting Skills
• Management Strategies
• Marketing Communication
• Negotiating Skills
• Networking in Business
• Presentation Skills
• Team Building
• Technology and Human Communication: The Interface
• Telephone Marketing and Skills
References:
1. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_communication-18.11.2010
2. www.hodu.com/business-communication-menu.html-18.11.2010
3. Web site-1 dnaloysius.blogspot.com
4. Web site-2 www.aloysiusdn.com
D.N. Aloysius
Lecturer in English
Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities
Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
10.12.2010
Wednesday, December 8, 2010
Bhiksu University-Anuradhapura/Preliminary/Set of rules for different situations
Read the following set of rules and do the activities given below.
1. Speak and write about it in your own words.
2. Create a different situation and write the set of rules for it. You can use the following situation as a model.
Withdrawing money from the bank
First, go to the relevant bank and meet the receptionist. You should tell her about your need. Then, she will give you a withdrawal form. You have to fill in the form with required information. You should write your name and Account Number there. You are also required to write the amount of money you are going to withdraw from your account. After completing the form, you should sign it and go to the counter. If there is a queue, you should be there and when your turn comes, you can submit your pass book to the cashier with the completed withdrawal form. After that you will get money through the counter. You should count it and take it from the cashier.
Activity -2
1. Write the set of rules for the following situation.
2. How do you tell your friend to do so?
Obtaining the Inland Revenue license for your motor bike
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------See the following web sites for the relevant lesson.
1. dnaloysius.blogspot.com
2. www.aloysiusdn.com
D.N. Aloysius
Lecturer in English
Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
08.12.2010
1. Speak and write about it in your own words.
2. Create a different situation and write the set of rules for it. You can use the following situation as a model.
Withdrawing money from the bank
First, go to the relevant bank and meet the receptionist. You should tell her about your need. Then, she will give you a withdrawal form. You have to fill in the form with required information. You should write your name and Account Number there. You are also required to write the amount of money you are going to withdraw from your account. After completing the form, you should sign it and go to the counter. If there is a queue, you should be there and when your turn comes, you can submit your pass book to the cashier with the completed withdrawal form. After that you will get money through the counter. You should count it and take it from the cashier.
Activity -2
1. Write the set of rules for the following situation.
2. How do you tell your friend to do so?
Obtaining the Inland Revenue license for your motor bike
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------See the following web sites for the relevant lesson.
1. dnaloysius.blogspot.com
2. www.aloysiusdn.com
D.N. Aloysius
Lecturer in English
Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
08.12.2010
Bhiksu University-Anuradhapura/Diploma/The Necklace/By Guy de Maupassant
The short story, The Necklace, by Guy De Maupassant, follows the life of a woman and her husband living in France in the early 1880’s. The woman, Mathilde, is a very materialistic person who is never content with anything in her life. Her husband, a lowly clerk in the Ministry of Education, is not a rich man, but he brings home enough to get by. He enjoys the simpler things in life, yet his wife, Mathilde, cannot. Nothing is good enough for her. Her selfish ways are evident in her attitude toward the material things in her home environment and in the way she treats her husband.
Mathilde’s materialistic attitude is primarily shown by how unhappy she is with her surroundings and her home environment in general. One night, Mathilde’s husband brings home, from work, an invitation to a dinner party. When he mentions the invitation, Mathilde’s first thought is of what she is going to wear to the party. She does not worry about her husband, his feelings regarding the invitation, or how much fun they may have at the dinner party. She only worries about how she will look and what other people will think of her. Mathilde is unhappy with her darkened rooms and furniture and desires better things:
She imagined large drawing rooms draped in the most expensive silks, with fine end tables on which were placed knickknacks of inimitable value. She dreamed of the perfume of dainty private rooms, which were designed only for intimate tête-à -têtes with the closest friends, who because of their achievements and fame would make her the envy of all other women.
These dreams and aspirations demonstrate that Mathilde’s thoughts are in the wrong place; and go to show how materialistic she really is. Mathilde first rejects the invitation. She only agrees to go to the party after her husband painstakingly bargains with her, and ends up having to buy her a new dress to get her to come. Even after getting a new dress, Mathilde still wants more. She complains to her husband that she, “[doesn’t] have any jewels to wear, not a single gem, nothing to dress up [her] outfit.” She whines to her husband that she would rather stay home than go to the party looking like a vagabond. But finally, after more griping, she is persuaded by her husband to borrow some jewels from Mrs. Forrestier, and they go to the party. Mathilde’s materialistic view is also seen in the way she acts after the dinner party. When leaving the party at four o’clock in the morning, Mathilde’s husband goes to put, “a modest everyday wrap which contrasted with the elegance of her evening gown” over her shoulders, and she runs from him. She runs so that none of the other women, draped in elegant furs will see her and look down upon her for wearing such a thing. Both of these incidents emphasize the fact that Mathilde is a very selfish and materialistic person both in her actions and in her thoughts and daydreams.
Another way that Mathilde’s selfish character is portrayed is through the way she treats her husband. She treats him as if he is a slave, who exists for no other reason, but to be blamed for things gone wrong in her life, and for her to order around. Mathilde gives her husband no love, praise, or thanks for any of the sacrifices he makes for her. An example of this occurs in the beginning of the story when Mathilde basically blames her husband because she is not living the life she dreams of. While her husband has adjusted himself to the plain life that they live, Mathilde has not, and she resents him for that. Another example of the materialistic and selfish way that Mathilde treats her husband is when her husband brings home the invitation. Even though her husband is ecstatic at the thought of going to this extravagant dinner, Mathilde basically throws the invitation back into his face:
She looked at him angrily and stated impatiently: “What do you expect me to wear to go there?” He had not thought of that. He stammered: “But your theater dress. That seems nice to me . . .” He stopped, amazed and bewildered, as his wife began to cry . . . He said falteringly: “What’s wrong? What’s the matter?” . . . “Nothing, except that I have nothing to wear and therefore can’t go to the party. Give your invitation to someone else at the office whose wife will have nicer clothes than mine.
Mathilde is so self-centered that she would make her husband, who wants to go to this party so badly, give up the invitation because she has nothing to wear. She again displays her materialistic and selfish ways when, after the party, she discovers that she has lost her borrowed necklace and makes her husband go out at four o’clock in the morning to look for it. He looks for hours and finds nothing, but doesn’t give up there. He goes to the police and cab services, while Mathilde, “waited the entire day, in the same enervated state,”(8). She does nothing while her husband is doing everything he possibly can to save her neck. Finally, after all hope is lost of finding the vanished necklace, the couple bought a new one for thirty-six thousand francs. They had to work and save for ten years, and the husband gave up his inheritance to pay for the necklace his wife lost. And after all he did, Mathilde offers not one bit of thanks or praise to her husband. This emphasizes just how evident her characteristic flaws really are.
Throughout the story, Mathilde is portrayed as selfish and materialistic. These traits are shown through her unhappy manner towards her middle class life and through the awful way she treats her husband after all he does for her. Maybe after such a long, tiresome ten years of scrounging up money to buy a new necklace to replace the lost one, Mathilde will change her ways. Perhaps she will realize how much she really has in life, may it be material things or love from her husband, and stop constantly worrying about what she does not have. Maybe she will even recognize how much her husband gives to her and how little he receives in return.
Guy de Maupassant
Guy de Maupassant was born on August 5, 1850, in Normandy France where he spent most of his early life. The oldest child of wealthy parents who eventually separated, Maupassant was not allowed to attend school until he was thirteen years old. Before then, the local parish priest acted as his tutor.
After being expelled from a Catholic seminary school, Maupassant finished his schooling at a boarding school before studying law at the University of Paris. His studies were soon interrupted by the 1870 Franco-Prussian War, and Maupassant became a soldier in Normandy. After the war, Maupassant did not return to the university and instead entered the civil service, working as a clerk in the Naval and Education Ministries.
Resigning from the Ministry of Education in 1880, Maupassant became a full-time writer. He began by imitating the style of Gustave Flaubert, a prominent French novelist who had been a close friend of Maupassant's mother for decades. Unsubstantiated rumors circulated at the time that Flaubert was Maupassant's true father.
During the 1880s, Maupassant's health declined, largely as a result of syphilis, which he had contracted in the 1870s but which physicians had not diagnosed. Following an unsuccessful suicide attempt on January 2, 1892, Maupassant was placed in a sanitarium. He died a year and a half later of complications from the disease.
Guy de Maupassant is generally considered being the greatest French writer of short stories. Maupassant took the subjects for his pessimistic stories and novels chiefly from the Norman peasant life, the Franco-Prussian War, the behavior of the bourgeoisie, and the fashionable life of Paris. His short stories are characterized by their economy of style and the efficient way in which the various threads within them are neatly resolved.
During his last years of life, Maupassant suffered from mental illness.
His parents separated when he was 11 years old. Maupassant grew up in his native Normandy. He first entered a seminary, but deliberately managed to have himself expelled. From his early religious education he retained a marked hostility to religion.
In 1869 Maupassant started to study law in Paris, but soon, at age 20, he volunteered to serve in the army during Franco-Prussian War.
He hated to work and spent much of his free time in pursuit of women. During the 1880s Maupassant created some 300 short stories, six novels, three travel books, and one volume of verse.
On January 2, 1892, Maupassant tried to commit suicide by cutting his throat and was committed to the celebrated private asylum in Paris, where he died on July 6, 1893.
Some of his Short Stories are as follows.
The Beggar
The Blind Man
A Coward
The Cripple
The Diamond Necklace
The Donkey
The False Gems
A Family Affair
Farewell
The Father
Friend Joseph
The Gamekeeper
The Hand
The Impolite Sex
In the spring
In the Wood
The Inn
The Kiss
A Meeting
Miss Harriet
Moonlight
Mother and Son
My Wife
The Orphan
The Prisoners
The Thief
A Wedding Gift
Sources
1. www.bookrags.com/The_Necklace - United States -05.12.2010
2. www.enotes.com/necklace/author-biography -05.12.2010
3. www.booksfactory.com/writers/maupassant.htm 05.12.2010
4. Web site-1 www.aloysiusdn.com
5. Web site-2 dnaloysius.blogspot.com
D.N. Aloysius
Lecturer in English
Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Mathilde’s materialistic attitude is primarily shown by how unhappy she is with her surroundings and her home environment in general. One night, Mathilde’s husband brings home, from work, an invitation to a dinner party. When he mentions the invitation, Mathilde’s first thought is of what she is going to wear to the party. She does not worry about her husband, his feelings regarding the invitation, or how much fun they may have at the dinner party. She only worries about how she will look and what other people will think of her. Mathilde is unhappy with her darkened rooms and furniture and desires better things:
She imagined large drawing rooms draped in the most expensive silks, with fine end tables on which were placed knickknacks of inimitable value. She dreamed of the perfume of dainty private rooms, which were designed only for intimate tête-à -têtes with the closest friends, who because of their achievements and fame would make her the envy of all other women.
These dreams and aspirations demonstrate that Mathilde’s thoughts are in the wrong place; and go to show how materialistic she really is. Mathilde first rejects the invitation. She only agrees to go to the party after her husband painstakingly bargains with her, and ends up having to buy her a new dress to get her to come. Even after getting a new dress, Mathilde still wants more. She complains to her husband that she, “[doesn’t] have any jewels to wear, not a single gem, nothing to dress up [her] outfit.” She whines to her husband that she would rather stay home than go to the party looking like a vagabond. But finally, after more griping, she is persuaded by her husband to borrow some jewels from Mrs. Forrestier, and they go to the party. Mathilde’s materialistic view is also seen in the way she acts after the dinner party. When leaving the party at four o’clock in the morning, Mathilde’s husband goes to put, “a modest everyday wrap which contrasted with the elegance of her evening gown” over her shoulders, and she runs from him. She runs so that none of the other women, draped in elegant furs will see her and look down upon her for wearing such a thing. Both of these incidents emphasize the fact that Mathilde is a very selfish and materialistic person both in her actions and in her thoughts and daydreams.
Another way that Mathilde’s selfish character is portrayed is through the way she treats her husband. She treats him as if he is a slave, who exists for no other reason, but to be blamed for things gone wrong in her life, and for her to order around. Mathilde gives her husband no love, praise, or thanks for any of the sacrifices he makes for her. An example of this occurs in the beginning of the story when Mathilde basically blames her husband because she is not living the life she dreams of. While her husband has adjusted himself to the plain life that they live, Mathilde has not, and she resents him for that. Another example of the materialistic and selfish way that Mathilde treats her husband is when her husband brings home the invitation. Even though her husband is ecstatic at the thought of going to this extravagant dinner, Mathilde basically throws the invitation back into his face:
She looked at him angrily and stated impatiently: “What do you expect me to wear to go there?” He had not thought of that. He stammered: “But your theater dress. That seems nice to me . . .” He stopped, amazed and bewildered, as his wife began to cry . . . He said falteringly: “What’s wrong? What’s the matter?” . . . “Nothing, except that I have nothing to wear and therefore can’t go to the party. Give your invitation to someone else at the office whose wife will have nicer clothes than mine.
Mathilde is so self-centered that she would make her husband, who wants to go to this party so badly, give up the invitation because she has nothing to wear. She again displays her materialistic and selfish ways when, after the party, she discovers that she has lost her borrowed necklace and makes her husband go out at four o’clock in the morning to look for it. He looks for hours and finds nothing, but doesn’t give up there. He goes to the police and cab services, while Mathilde, “waited the entire day, in the same enervated state,”(8). She does nothing while her husband is doing everything he possibly can to save her neck. Finally, after all hope is lost of finding the vanished necklace, the couple bought a new one for thirty-six thousand francs. They had to work and save for ten years, and the husband gave up his inheritance to pay for the necklace his wife lost. And after all he did, Mathilde offers not one bit of thanks or praise to her husband. This emphasizes just how evident her characteristic flaws really are.
Throughout the story, Mathilde is portrayed as selfish and materialistic. These traits are shown through her unhappy manner towards her middle class life and through the awful way she treats her husband after all he does for her. Maybe after such a long, tiresome ten years of scrounging up money to buy a new necklace to replace the lost one, Mathilde will change her ways. Perhaps she will realize how much she really has in life, may it be material things or love from her husband, and stop constantly worrying about what she does not have. Maybe she will even recognize how much her husband gives to her and how little he receives in return.
Guy de Maupassant
Guy de Maupassant was born on August 5, 1850, in Normandy France where he spent most of his early life. The oldest child of wealthy parents who eventually separated, Maupassant was not allowed to attend school until he was thirteen years old. Before then, the local parish priest acted as his tutor.
After being expelled from a Catholic seminary school, Maupassant finished his schooling at a boarding school before studying law at the University of Paris. His studies were soon interrupted by the 1870 Franco-Prussian War, and Maupassant became a soldier in Normandy. After the war, Maupassant did not return to the university and instead entered the civil service, working as a clerk in the Naval and Education Ministries.
Resigning from the Ministry of Education in 1880, Maupassant became a full-time writer. He began by imitating the style of Gustave Flaubert, a prominent French novelist who had been a close friend of Maupassant's mother for decades. Unsubstantiated rumors circulated at the time that Flaubert was Maupassant's true father.
During the 1880s, Maupassant's health declined, largely as a result of syphilis, which he had contracted in the 1870s but which physicians had not diagnosed. Following an unsuccessful suicide attempt on January 2, 1892, Maupassant was placed in a sanitarium. He died a year and a half later of complications from the disease.
Guy de Maupassant is generally considered being the greatest French writer of short stories. Maupassant took the subjects for his pessimistic stories and novels chiefly from the Norman peasant life, the Franco-Prussian War, the behavior of the bourgeoisie, and the fashionable life of Paris. His short stories are characterized by their economy of style and the efficient way in which the various threads within them are neatly resolved.
During his last years of life, Maupassant suffered from mental illness.
His parents separated when he was 11 years old. Maupassant grew up in his native Normandy. He first entered a seminary, but deliberately managed to have himself expelled. From his early religious education he retained a marked hostility to religion.
In 1869 Maupassant started to study law in Paris, but soon, at age 20, he volunteered to serve in the army during Franco-Prussian War.
He hated to work and spent much of his free time in pursuit of women. During the 1880s Maupassant created some 300 short stories, six novels, three travel books, and one volume of verse.
On January 2, 1892, Maupassant tried to commit suicide by cutting his throat and was committed to the celebrated private asylum in Paris, where he died on July 6, 1893.
Some of his Short Stories are as follows.
The Beggar
The Blind Man
A Coward
The Cripple
The Diamond Necklace
The Donkey
The False Gems
A Family Affair
Farewell
The Father
Friend Joseph
The Gamekeeper
The Hand
The Impolite Sex
In the spring
In the Wood
The Inn
The Kiss
A Meeting
Miss Harriet
Moonlight
Mother and Son
My Wife
The Orphan
The Prisoners
The Thief
A Wedding Gift
Sources
1. www.bookrags.com/The_Necklace - United States -05.12.2010
2. www.enotes.com/necklace/author-biography -05.12.2010
3. www.booksfactory.com/writers/maupassant.htm 05.12.2010
4. Web site-1 www.aloysiusdn.com
5. Web site-2 dnaloysius.blogspot.com
D.N. Aloysius
Lecturer in English
Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Saturday, December 4, 2010
Bhiksu University- Anuradhapura/Cetificate/Personal Experience
The purpose of a personal experience essay is to share and elaborate on an appealing experience from your life. A personal essay is sometimes even called a life experience essay and can be difficult to write for many students.
A personal experience essay focuses on your experience and the importance of that experience and impact that it has on you.
The outline of a personal experience essay follows the common structure for all the essays. Your essay on experience starts with an introduction, then the main body and finally summing up the ideas in the conclusion. Try and describe the events and experiences in the chronological order in, as it allows you to present experiences as they happened.
To make your personal experience essay exciting you should start with choosing the relevant experience to base your essay upon. Describe a situation that you consider to be crucial in your development.
You may think that you have no appropriate event or experience to share, but everyone has something that shaped who they are. Whatever topic you decide on, keep in mind that your aim is to convey its importance to the audience. Your narration should give a deep insight into the details of the event and the readers must gain some meaning why this specific experience is so remarkable to you.
Writing a personal experience essay gives you the freedom of style in composing the essay. The main thing about the style is that it must help communicate the story to the readers most efficiently.
Don't open your essay with too general statements, make it as close to the situation as possible. Then quickly jump to developing your story in the body. The main part of the
Activity-1
1. Read the above instructions and speak about one of your personal experiences.
2. After speaking about it, you can write about it.
Activity-2
Imagine such a personal experience and develop the following sentence into an interesting story.
Suddenly, a tall, fat and dark man began to run behind me. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sources
1. www.bestessays.com/personal_experienc-02.12.2010
2. Web site-1 www.aloysiusdn.com
3. Web site-2 dnaloysius.blogspot.com
D.N. Aloysius
05.12.2010
A personal experience essay focuses on your experience and the importance of that experience and impact that it has on you.
The outline of a personal experience essay follows the common structure for all the essays. Your essay on experience starts with an introduction, then the main body and finally summing up the ideas in the conclusion. Try and describe the events and experiences in the chronological order in, as it allows you to present experiences as they happened.
To make your personal experience essay exciting you should start with choosing the relevant experience to base your essay upon. Describe a situation that you consider to be crucial in your development.
You may think that you have no appropriate event or experience to share, but everyone has something that shaped who they are. Whatever topic you decide on, keep in mind that your aim is to convey its importance to the audience. Your narration should give a deep insight into the details of the event and the readers must gain some meaning why this specific experience is so remarkable to you.
Writing a personal experience essay gives you the freedom of style in composing the essay. The main thing about the style is that it must help communicate the story to the readers most efficiently.
Don't open your essay with too general statements, make it as close to the situation as possible. Then quickly jump to developing your story in the body. The main part of the
Activity-1
1. Read the above instructions and speak about one of your personal experiences.
2. After speaking about it, you can write about it.
Activity-2
Imagine such a personal experience and develop the following sentence into an interesting story.
Suddenly, a tall, fat and dark man began to run behind me. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sources
1. www.bestessays.com/personal_experienc-02.12.2010
2. Web site-1 www.aloysiusdn.com
3. Web site-2 dnaloysius.blogspot.com
D.N. Aloysius
05.12.2010
Bhiksu University- Anuradhapura/Diploma/Stench of Kerosene/Amrita Pritam
"Stench of Kerosene’, authored by Amrita Pritam, is a tale of suffering and injustice in the rural areas of India. The author tries to relate the life of a young Indian wife to the reader in such a way that it leaves them feeling pity and remorse for her. Within it, there are elements of superstition, superiority, sexism and ancient traditions. Evidently, the portrayal of Indian culture is not one that may be easily accepted by most western societies as it reveals the actuality of Hindu culture in its extreme. It illustrates how harsh it can be, especially towards the gentler sex.
The story opens with Guleri heeding to the call of a horse; ' The mare was from her parents' village. She put her neck against its neck as if it were the door to her parents' house.' In this line the mare metaphorically represents her parents and her love for them, therefore as soon as she hears it coming she ' ran out of the house.
The story ends with the suicide of Guleri and the last time Manak saw her was on the day she left. The story ending for Manak is unfortunate as he loses his first wife and then disowns his new son with his second wife, of whom we do not know the name. The story ended as it did because of three main complications, the introduction of the second wife, the death of Guleri, and most importantly, when Manak stayed quiet when arguing with his mother. This was crucial and also show the importance of tradition in India, as children should never under any circumstances reply angrily to their parents.
Amrita Pritam (1919-2005)
Born in Gujranwala in a part of India which later became Pakistan. She was the only child of a school teacher and a poet. Her mother died when she was eleven and she grew up with adult responsibilities. She began to write at an early age, and her first collection was published when she was only sixteen years old, the year she married an editor to whom she was engaged in early childhood.
In 1947 at the time of the Partition she moved to New Delhi, where she began to write in Hindi as opposed to Punjabi, her mother tongue. She worked until 1961 for All India Radio. She was divorced in 1960 and since then her work has become more explicitly feminist, drawing on her unhappy marriage in many of her stories and poems.
She had the rare gift of ability to give tender expression to human sorrow and alienation. She wrote with courage and without any inhibitions. She witnessed the human tragedy of Partition of India and aftermath, and portrayed its pathos the degradation of human spirit it caused in her literary works. A number of her works have been translated into English, including her autobiographical works Black Rose and Revenue Stamp, bears a stamp of her creativity sensitivity, and the transparency.
Amrita Pritam was awarded the prestigious Jnanapeeth in 1982. Her other works include "Pinjar", "Village No. 36", and "Stench of Kerosene" (translated by Khushwant Singh).
Sources
1. www.123helpme.com/preview
2. www.coursework.info/GCSE/English
3. Web site-1 www.aloysiusdn.com
4. Web site-2 dnaloysius.blogspot.com
D.N. Aloysius
05.12.2010
The story opens with Guleri heeding to the call of a horse; ' The mare was from her parents' village. She put her neck against its neck as if it were the door to her parents' house.' In this line the mare metaphorically represents her parents and her love for them, therefore as soon as she hears it coming she ' ran out of the house.
The story ends with the suicide of Guleri and the last time Manak saw her was on the day she left. The story ending for Manak is unfortunate as he loses his first wife and then disowns his new son with his second wife, of whom we do not know the name. The story ended as it did because of three main complications, the introduction of the second wife, the death of Guleri, and most importantly, when Manak stayed quiet when arguing with his mother. This was crucial and also show the importance of tradition in India, as children should never under any circumstances reply angrily to their parents.
Amrita Pritam (1919-2005)
Born in Gujranwala in a part of India which later became Pakistan. She was the only child of a school teacher and a poet. Her mother died when she was eleven and she grew up with adult responsibilities. She began to write at an early age, and her first collection was published when she was only sixteen years old, the year she married an editor to whom she was engaged in early childhood.
In 1947 at the time of the Partition she moved to New Delhi, where she began to write in Hindi as opposed to Punjabi, her mother tongue. She worked until 1961 for All India Radio. She was divorced in 1960 and since then her work has become more explicitly feminist, drawing on her unhappy marriage in many of her stories and poems.
She had the rare gift of ability to give tender expression to human sorrow and alienation. She wrote with courage and without any inhibitions. She witnessed the human tragedy of Partition of India and aftermath, and portrayed its pathos the degradation of human spirit it caused in her literary works. A number of her works have been translated into English, including her autobiographical works Black Rose and Revenue Stamp, bears a stamp of her creativity sensitivity, and the transparency.
Amrita Pritam was awarded the prestigious Jnanapeeth in 1982. Her other works include "Pinjar", "Village No. 36", and "Stench of Kerosene" (translated by Khushwant Singh).
Sources
1. www.123helpme.com/preview
2. www.coursework.info/GCSE/English
3. Web site-1 www.aloysiusdn.com
4. Web site-2 dnaloysius.blogspot.com
D.N. Aloysius
05.12.2010
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